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A compound made from carbon atoms.
Having one or more carbon (C) atoms.
Having many hydrogen (H) atoms.
Potentially containing other elements such as Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S), Nitrogen (N), and halogens.

Consists of a positively charged, very dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons (size about 10-15m) surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons (size about 10-10m).

An atom's diameter is about 2x10^-10 (200picometers[pm]). The unit ångström (Å) equals 10^-10m (100pm).

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus. All atoms of a given element share the same atomic number.

The total number of protons plus neutrons.

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and, therefore, different mass numbers.

The weighted average mass in atomic mass units (amu) of an element's naturally occurring isotopes.)

Describes electron energies and locations using a wave equation. The solution to this wave equation is a wave function or orbital. A plot of ψ indicates where an electron is most likely to be found.

Derived from hydrogen-like solutions, designated as s,p,d, and f. (s and p orbitals are the most important in organic and biological chemistry).

Spherical with the nucleus at the center.

Dumbbell-shaped with the nucleus at the middle. They consist of three perpendicular orbitals (px,py,pz) of equal energy, separated by a region of zero electron density called a node.

Elongated dumbbell-shaped with the nucleus at the center.