Biology - Unit 1
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1
What are the levels of biological organization studied in BIO181?
Molecular and cellular levels
2
Which three domains make up the tree of life?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
3
What type of cells do plants have, and which domain do they belong to?
Eukaryotic; Eukarya
4
What is the definition of a hypothesis in science?
A testable statement that explains a phenomenon
5
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A hypothesis is narrow and testable; a theory is broad and supported by evidence
6
What property of life refers to the internal balance organisms maintain?
Homeostasis
7
What are the building blocks of matter?
Atoms
8
What is an element?
A substance made of one type of atom that cannot be broken down further
9
What determines the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons
10
What do isotopes of an element differ in?
The number of neutrons
11
What kind of bond is formed when electrons are transferred?
Ionic bond
12
What kind of bond involves the sharing of electrons?
Covalent bond
13
What type of bond is weak but important in water and DNA structure?
Hydrogen bond
14
Why is water less dense as a solid than a liquid?
Hydrogen bonds form a structured lattice in ice
15
What allows water to moderate temperature?
Hydrogen bonds absorb and release heat
16
What is a buffer?
A substance that minimizes changes in pH
17
What makes carbon versatile in forming organic molecules?
It can form four covalent bonds
18
What is the pH scale a measure of?
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
19
What are the four major classes of biological macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
20
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
21
What type of reaction builds polymers by removing water?
Dehydration synthesis
22
Which process breaks down polymers into monomers?
Hydrolysis
23
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acid
24
What are nucleic acids made of?
Nucleotides
25
Where do carbohydrates primarily come from?
Plants
26
What is chitin and where is it found?
A polysaccharide in the exoskeleton of arthropods
27
Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
Nucleic acids
28
What is the function of lipids?
Energy storage and membrane structure
29
What type of carbohydrate is fiber made from?
Polysaccharides
30
What determines the chemical reactivity of an atom?
The number of electrons in its outer shell
31
Which molecule is the “solvent of life”?
Water
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