Chapter 6 Energy
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1
Metabolism definition
Totality of organisms chemical reactions
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From low to high entropy...
Spontaneous
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True or False, plants create energy from photosynthesis...
False, Plants transform light energy to chemical energy
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From high to low free energy...
Spontaneous
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From high to low entropy...
Nonspontaneous
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Catabolic and Exergonic
Spontaneous
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What is heat a form of?
Disorder
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From low to high free energy...
Nonspontaneous
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What does the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics state?
For a spontaneous process the entropy of the universe increases.
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Describe an example of energy conversion...
Chemical energy in food is converted to kinetic
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What is always released during reactions?
Heat
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Heat is also a kind of...
Kinetic energy
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Chemical energy is also a kind of...
Potential energy
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Definition of energy
Capacity to cause change (ability to rearrange matter)
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Input or consumption of energy corresponds to what?
Nonspontaneous (anabolic/endergonic)
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What is the free energy?
The measure of spontaneity and stability of a system
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o 0
0 0 o ===> 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 (protein) Determine if the product and reaction are either stable or unstable, high or low entropy(S), and if this is a nonspontaneous or spontaneous process...
0 0 o ===> 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 (protein) Determine if the product and reaction are either stable or unstable, high or low entropy(S), and if this is a nonspontaneous or spontaneous process...
Product: Unstable, Reaction: Stable, Product entropy: Low, Reaction entropy: High, Nonspontaneous process (anabolic/endergonic)
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What do enzymes do to chemical reactions?
Accelerates the chemical reactions
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What happens to energy in anabolic pathways?
It is consumed
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Net release of energy corresponds to what?
Spontaneous (catabolic/exergonic)
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Anabolic and Endergonic
Nonspontaneous
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0 o 0
0 - 0 - 0 - 0 ===> o o 0 (protein) Determine if the product and reaction are either stable or unstable, high or low entropy(S) and if this is a nonspontaneous or spontaneous process...
0 - 0 - 0 - 0 ===> o o 0 (protein) Determine if the product and reaction are either stable or unstable, high or low entropy(S) and if this is a nonspontaneous or spontaneous process...
Product: Stable, Reaction: Unstable, Product entropy: High, Reaction entropy: Low, Spontaneous process (catabolic/exergonic)
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Determine the level of free energy (G) in the product and reaction of a nonspontaneous process...
Product: High free energy (G), Reaction: Low free energy (G)
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What things does a system have to give up in order to become spontaneous?
Either give up energy, give up order or both
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Is a system at maximum stability good or bad?
Bad, the system cannot do work
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What is an example of spontaneous process (catabolic/exergonic)?
Cellular respiration
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Determine the level of free energy (G) in the product and reaction of a spontaneous process...
Product: Low free energy (G), Reaction: High free energy (G)
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What happens to energy in catabolic pathways?
It is released
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What happens to the free energy (G) in a spontaneous(catabolic/exergonic) process?
It is net released and results in it being negative
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What reaction breaks down ATP and what does it do?
Hydrolysis reaction, releases energy
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What macromolecule and monomer is ATP
Nucleic acid, Nucleotide
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What is an immediate source of energy in a cell?
ATP
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What are the 3 kinds of "work" a cell does?
Mechanical, Transport and Chemical
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What is an example of nonspontaneous process (anabolic/endergonic)?
Photosynthesis
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What happens to the free energy (G) in a nonspontaneous(anabolic/endergonic) process?
It is absorbed and results in it being positive
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