Chapter 6 Energy
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1
Metabolism definition
Totality of organisms chemical reactions
2
From low to high entropy...
Spontaneous
3
True or False, plants create energy from photosynthesis...
False, Plants transform light energy to chemical energy
4
From high to low free energy...
Spontaneous
5
From high to low entropy...
Nonspontaneous
6
Catabolic and Exergonic
Spontaneous
7
What is heat a form of?
Disorder
8
From low to high free energy...
Nonspontaneous
9
What does the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics state?
For a spontaneous process the entropy of the universe increases.
10
Describe an example of energy conversion...
Chemical energy in food is converted to kinetic
11
What is always released during reactions?
Heat
12
Heat is also a kind of...
Kinetic energy
13
Chemical energy is also a kind of...
Potential energy
14
Definition of energy
Capacity to cause change (ability to rearrange matter)
15
Input or consumption of energy corresponds to what?
Nonspontaneous (anabolic/endergonic)
16
What is the free energy?
The measure of spontaneity and stability of a system
17
o 0
0 0 o ===> 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 (protein) Determine if the product and reaction are either stable or unstable, high or low entropy(S), and if this is a nonspontaneous or spontaneous process...
0 0 o ===> 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 (protein) Determine if the product and reaction are either stable or unstable, high or low entropy(S), and if this is a nonspontaneous or spontaneous process...
Product: Unstable, Reaction: Stable, Product entropy: Low, Reaction entropy: High, Nonspontaneous process (anabolic/endergonic)
18
What do enzymes do to chemical reactions?
Accelerates the chemical reactions
19
What happens to energy in anabolic pathways?
It is consumed
20
Net release of energy corresponds to what?
Spontaneous (catabolic/exergonic)
21
Anabolic and Endergonic
Nonspontaneous
22
0 o 0
0 - 0 - 0 - 0 ===> o o 0 (protein) Determine if the product and reaction are either stable or unstable, high or low entropy(S) and if this is a nonspontaneous or spontaneous process...
0 - 0 - 0 - 0 ===> o o 0 (protein) Determine if the product and reaction are either stable or unstable, high or low entropy(S) and if this is a nonspontaneous or spontaneous process...
Product: Stable, Reaction: Unstable, Product entropy: High, Reaction entropy: Low, Spontaneous process (catabolic/exergonic)
23
Determine the level of free energy (G) in the product and reaction of a nonspontaneous process...
Product: High free energy (G), Reaction: Low free energy (G)
24
What things does a system have to give up in order to become spontaneous?
Either give up energy, give up order or both
25
Is a system at maximum stability good or bad?
Bad, the system cannot do work
26
What is an example of spontaneous process (catabolic/exergonic)?
Cellular respiration
27
Determine the level of free energy (G) in the product and reaction of a spontaneous process...
Product: Low free energy (G), Reaction: High free energy (G)
28
What happens to energy in catabolic pathways?
It is released
29
What happens to the free energy (G) in a spontaneous(catabolic/exergonic) process?
It is net released and results in it being negative
30
What reaction breaks down ATP and what does it do?
Hydrolysis reaction, releases energy
31
What macromolecule and monomer is ATP
Nucleic acid, Nucleotide
32
What is an immediate source of energy in a cell?
ATP
33
What are the 3 kinds of "work" a cell does?
Mechanical, Transport and Chemical
34
What is an example of nonspontaneous process (anabolic/endergonic)?
Photosynthesis
35
What happens to the free energy (G) in a nonspontaneous(anabolic/endergonic) process?
It is absorbed and results in it being positive
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