3.3.11 AMINES AAA

Used to make cleaning products like shampoo/soap
Made up of a positive end and attracted to negative ions
Salts with long hydrocarbon tails called cationic surfactants

amino- when lower priority and amine group is substituent
-amine - when higher priority and simple amine molecule

Depends on the availability of the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen. The higher electron density, the higher the availability

Strongest:
Primary aliphatic amines- alkyl groups donate electron density
Ammonia- neutral
Aromatic amines- benzene withdraws/takes in elecron density

React a haloalkane with excess ammonia (nucleophillic substition) or reduce nitrile

it downside tho as it produces also secondary,tertiary and quaternary salts as it can keep on reacting.

Reduce nitrile by using/adding hydrogen with nickel/platinum catalyst at high pressure/temps.
Called catalytic hydrogenation.
Pure product

Reduce nitrile via strong reducing agent LiAlH4 and dilute acid

Produced via reducing nitro compounds like nitrobenzene. Used for dyes and pharmaceuticals
1) Heat under reflux nitrobenzene with concentrated HCL and tin catalyst. Forms salt
2)Heat under reflux Salt with alkali like NaOH forming aromatic amine

Derivatives of carboxylic acid and have functional group -C=ONH2
Amides have carbonyl while amines dont.
N-substituted has one of hydrogen in amine group substituted for alkyl group