1A _____ must have at least one input, one output, and perform a function
System
2Microprocessor Sytem
input voltages to tell what the microprocessor will do and output voltage to control an external unit
3A programmable, clock-driven, register-based electronic device that executes binary instructions
Microprocessor
4Three basic components of a programmable machine
MPU, Memory, and I/O
5Physical components of a computer system
Hardware
6Set of instructions written to perform a task
Program
7Collection of programs
Software
8Representation of information used by a microprocessor
Binary digits (0 and 1)
9Smallest unit of binary data
Bit
10Ability of a microprocessor to execute different tasks through instructions
Programmability
11Temporary storage organized as 8-bit registers grouped in powers of two
Memory
12Devices that send data or instructions to the microprocessor
Input devices
13Devices that display or present processed data
Output devices
14Unit that controls timing and execution of operations
Control Unit
15Device that performs arithmetic and logical operations
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
16Area of the microprocessor that stores temporary data
Register Array
17Primary component that communicates with memory and I/O
CPU
18Communication path consisting of wires carrying bits
System Bus
19Memory used to store permanent programs
ROM (Read Only Memory)
20Memory used to store user programs and data
RAM (R/WM) (Random Access Memory)
21Technology integrating logic gates on a single chip
Integrated Circuit (IC)
22Integration with few logic gates per chip
SSI
23Integration with more than 100 logic gates per chip
MSI
24Integration with more than 1000 logic gates per chip
LSI
25First commercial 4-bit microprocessor designed by Intel
Intel 4004
26First widely used 8-bit microprocessor
Intel 8080
27Microprocessor software-compatible with Intel 8080
8085 and Z80
28Small computer built around a microprocessor
Microcomputer
29Single-chip computer containing CPU, memory, and I/O
Microcontroller
30Standard code used to represent characters in computers
ASCII
31Normal ASCII conversion direction
Arrow to the right
32Reverse ASCII binary conversion direction
Arrow to the left
33Characters representing letters and numbers
Alphanumeric characters
34Visible characters that can be displayed
Printable characters
35Characters that control formatting and device behavior
Control characters
36Characters used to control printers and terminals
Control characters
37Characters that manage data transmission
Data link control characters
38Purpose of data link control characters
Synchronize and facilitate data exchange
39Programming languages closer to human language
High-level languages
40Program translator that converts the entire code before execution
Compiler
41Advantage of a compiler
Faster execution
42Languages that use a compiler
C and C++
43Program translator that executes code line-by-line
Interpreter
44Disadvantage of an interpreter
Slower execution
45Languages that use an interpreter
Python and Java