1What are political parties?
A group of officials or would-be official who are linked with a group of citizens into a organization.
The main goal is to maintain or obtain power.
2Describe the function, stucturing the political world, of political parties.
Elites > parties insure order in the policy-making process through coordination.
Masses > parties fundate as information shortcuts to voters and help citizens locate themselves on the politicaal landscape.
3Describe the function, recruitment and socialization, of political parties.
Recruitment > being selected as a party's candidate.
Socialization > spending years as a part member and rising up the party ranks.
4Describe the function, mobilisation of the masses, of political parties.
Mobilising voters during election time with:
• Resources
• Membership and organisational structure
and outside of election time
5Describe the function, creating a link between the rulers and the ruled, of political parties.
The main role of a party is to be a vehicle that transfers citizen preferences to the government.
While also being the means to be held responsive for what elected officials do.
6Main types of parties:
• Elite parties
• Mass parties
• Catch-all parties
• Cartel parties
7Party system classification
• Nonpartisan system (no parties)
• Single-party system (dictatoship)
• One-party dominant system (only 1 has a realistic chance to win)
• Two-party system (only 2 have a realistic chance to win)
• Multiparty system (more than 2 have a realistic chance to win)
8What is the primordial vew of where parties come from?
Parties are the natural representatives of the people who share common interest.
9What is the instrumental view of where parties come from?
Parties are teams of office seekers.
10What are the 2 main events wich shaped cleavages (divisions opposing different social groups)?
• The industrial revolution
• The national revolution
11Give 2 examples of cleavages during the industrial revolution.
• Centre-periphery
> Political power, administrative structures and taxation systems are centralized
= nation state opposed by regions
• State-church
> rise of liberal ideology, republicanism and secure institutions
= Liberals opposed by conservatives
12Give 2 examples of cleavages during the national revolution.
• Urban-rural
> economic and cultural dimension changes
= urban regions opposed to rural regions
• Workers-employers
> changes of social and economic life
= labour opposed to capital
13Give 2 examples of cleavages today.
• Materialist-postmaterialist
> changes in values of interest because of shiftings in concerns.
= younger generations opposed to older generations
• Globalisation winners-losers
> changes in economic policies
= national economics opposed to international economics
14What are rational choice models?
Models that describe political parties as coalitions of individuals seeking to control institutions and act to gain office.
In order to maximize votes, parties offer programmes that apppeal many voters.