geology exam #4

Appalachian Plateau, Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, Piedmont, and coastal Plain

Blue Ridge-These are granite, granite gneiss, basalt
Piedmont-Graded bedding, graywache
Valley and Ridge-Limestone with stramatolites, folded sedimentary rocks
Appalachian Plateau-low lying rocks, mineral resources (coal, petroleum, natural gas)
Coastal Plain-Fall zone, terrace deposits, impact crater

Iapetus ocean closed and caused Africa and the Avalonia microcontinent to crash into North America (Taonian Orogeny). North America colliding with Africa (Alleghenian Orogeny)

Greenville , Taconian , Acadian , Alleghenian, Pennyslavanian

Rodina the Laurentia mountains/ Glenville Orogeny

Pangea, Alleghenian Orogeny

The Wilson Cycle

Paleozoic; The Tippecanoe transgression ended this period of erosion, beginning with the deposition of clean sandstones across the craton, followed by abundant carbonate deposition. In the east these carbonates gradually become shales, representing sediments eroded from highlands created in the Taconic orogeny. The Tippecanoe sequence may have been the deepest of the Paleozoic. At one point during the Silurian period, the Taconic highlands—which later became the Appalachian Mountains--were the only part of North America that was not submerged

Cambrian- Explosion of Life, Ordovician- GOBE Great Diversification event, Devonian- Tiktaalik, Devonian- Age of Fish, Silurian- First plants on land, Mississippian- First true tetrapods on land, Pennsylvanian- Swamps, Permian- Diversification of Reptiles.

It was the first organism to have one bone, two bones, little bones, and digits. It's a one of our distant ancestors.

Arthropods. Exoskeletons provided protection and helped with moisture retention.

Rapid evolutionary diversification

Extensive volcanism associated with the Siberian Traps. Greenhouse gases from the Siberian Traps caused a runaway greenhouse effect that rapidly changed the climate, acidified the oceans, disrupted food chains, disrupted carbon cycling, and caused the largest mass extinction.

Mid cretaceous period

Transgression

Hot ice melted seas rose.

No the species would have been seperated

Extinction from a meteor

A meteor

Iridium

Iridium is extremely rare but is most often found in meteors

Global forest fires, strong acid rains, abundance of ferns, the first colonizing plants after a forest fire, enough debris thrown into the air to significantly cool temperatures afterward, and a 2-km high tsunami inferred from deposits found from Texas to Alabama. Deccan Traps flood basalt volcanism in India.

Small marine animals

Turtles they were better at escaping heat

Small animals with a slow metabolism that lived in water.

The west coast subducted while the east was being broken apart from Africa (Pangea breaking up)

Passive

sea level changes have most dramatically affected the shape and sedimentary deposits of Florida

West Coast

Subduction?

Pacific Plate, Juan de Fuca plate, Farallon Plate, and the North American Plate. The Farallon and Juan de Fuca both subducted under North America. Bruh idk the video didn't say shit.

Instead of descending directly into the mantle, the subducting plate shallowed out and moved eastward beneath the continental plate affecting the overlying continent hundreds of miles east of the continental margin and building high mountains

subduction zone consumed the mid-ocean ridge, the relative movement became transform instead of convergent

As the San Andreas grew, it caused east-west directed extensional forces to spread over the western United States, creating the Basin and Range province

The San Andreas caused the Basin and Range

Paleocene-eocene thermal maximum it is when the earth heated up

Cenozioc period during the Paleocene- Eocene epoch

Melting of methane hydrates, forest fires, volcanic activity causing coal fires.

Oceans became more acidic, the sediment became darker, foraminifera died, plankton declined, rainfall decreased; mass extinction it was too warm to survive.

Large quantities of carbon had to have been removed to cause the temperature to go down.

Ours is 5x greater than it was back then 😊

Bruh idk different species started popping up?

Idk video said they had no tail, shorter spines, and broad flat ribcages.

Hominoids (Australopithecus)

30 million years ago (Miocene)

Throughout Europe and from southwestern to central Asia

Yes, it can be found in our DNA and certain genes come from them.

Adaptive Introgression

6-7 million years ago

single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly an external shell of diverse forms and materials.

Any marine environment, but certain species can be particular about the environment they are in.

silica (radiolaria (a, 350µm) and diatoms (b, 50µm); or out of calcium carbonate (foraminifera (c, 400µm) and coccoliths (d, 15µm).

These shells have accumulated in layers of sediment below the seafloor of the open ocean and in regions where the ocean once flooded the continents for millions of years. Their composition will tell the answer.

part of the environment that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats. The Anthropocene is the epoch it would fall under.

Started off as Ambulocetus they looked like crocodiles. They had special ear bones, ankles, and dense leg bones. They also came from Moose.