1What concept focuses on symbols, language, and shared meaning to reflect that society is created through interaction?
Symbolic Interactionism
2What concept within Symbolic Interactionism uses the metaphor of a mirror to express that we shape ourselves by how others see us?
Looking-Glass Self
3What concept within Symbolic Interactionism portrays life as a theater, where the front stage reflects a polished self, while the backstage portrays the real self?
Dramaturgy
4What theory states that labels shape identity?
Labeling Theory
5How dows Sociology base its research? (Observation)
Empirical Evidence
6What research orientation of sociology is scientific, objective, and structuralistic? (Goal to discover general laws through measurement and observation)
Positivist Sociology
7What research orientation of sociology seeks to understand meaning (symbolic, based on values and beliefs)?
Interpretive Sociology
8What research orientation of sociology seeks to uncover inequality (social conflict, Marx-based)
Critical Sociology
9What term refers to a concept that can vary?
Variable
10What term refers to the accuracy of a study?
Validity
11What term refers to the consistency of the results of a study?
Reliability
12What term refers to cause and effect, pertaining to Independent and Dependent variables?
Causation
13What term refers to the spurious change between two variables in research?
Correlation
14What kind of research method tests cause and effect in a controlled setting?
Experiment
15What research method asks people directly, but depends on their honesty?
Surveying
16What research method gives researchers deep insight due to involvement at the cost of it being time-consuming?
Observation
17What research method is efficient, using existing data, at the cost of limited control?
Secondary Analysis
18What term refers to a testable statement?
Hypothesis
19Which gender bias sees the world through a male-centered lens, thus ignoring the roles women have?
Androcentricity
20Which gender bias uses data on one sex to make claims about everyone?
Overgeneralization
21Which gender bias ignores gender even when relevant?
Gender Blindness
22Which gender bias judges behavior differently by gender?
Double Standards
23Which gender bias results in the gender of the researcher affecting the response of the participant?
Interference
24Which case study, conducted between 1932-1972, misled 600 Black men into being tested on the effects of syphilis, without given treatment?
Tuskegee Syphilis
25What report, made in 1979, outlines three principles for ethical research, being respect for people, beneficence, and justice?
The Belmont Report
26What concept shapes everything we do?
Culture
27How does sociology define culture?
A way of life for a group
28What kind of culture is physical?
Material Culture
29What kind of culture is based on morals, traditions, language, and beliefs?
Nonmaterial Culture
30What term refers to anything that stands for something else?
Symbol
31What term refers to the most important system of symbols?
Language
32What hypothesis states that language shapes reality?
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
33What term refers to the shared ideas of right versus wrong?
Values
34What term refers to the rules that are based on values?
Norms
35What term is another word used to describe customs?
Folkways
36What term is another word used to describe moral rules?
Mores
37What term is another word used to describe rules that invoke shock when broken?
Taboos
38What term is another word used to describe formal, enforced practices?
Laws
39What term is used to describe rewards/punishments that thus enforce norms?
Sanctions
40What term refers to what we claim to value?
Ideal Culture
41What term refers to what we actually do?
Real Culture
42What term refers to the things that are found in all societies?
Cultural Universals
43What term refers to how cultures look different?
Diversity
44What term describes groups within larger societies with unique values and norms?
Subcultures
45What term refers to the overemphasis on European traditions?
Eurocentrism
46What term refers to the respect for diverse traditions?
Multiculturalism
47What term describes groups that reject mainstream norms?
Countercultures
48What kind of cultural exchange shows a ripple effect through one innovation?
Integration
49What kind of cultural exchange shows that material culture advances faster than nonmaterial culture?
Lag
50What kind of cultural exchange involves the spread of cultural traits?
Diffusion