QUIZ 2 SOCIOLOGY

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1
What concept focuses on symbols, language, and shared meaning to reflect that society is created through interaction?
Symbolic Interactionism
2
What concept within Symbolic Interactionism uses the metaphor of a mirror to express that we shape ourselves by how others see us?
Looking-Glass Self
3
What concept within Symbolic Interactionism portrays life as a theater, where the front stage reflects a polished self, while the backstage portrays the real self?
Dramaturgy
4
What theory states that labels shape identity?
Labeling Theory
5
How dows Sociology base its research? (Observation)
Empirical Evidence
6
What research orientation of sociology is scientific, objective, and structuralistic? (Goal to discover general laws through measurement and observation)
Positivist Sociology
7
What research orientation of sociology seeks to understand meaning (symbolic, based on values and beliefs)?
Interpretive Sociology
8
What research orientation of sociology seeks to uncover inequality (social conflict, Marx-based)
Critical Sociology
9
What term refers to a concept that can vary?
Variable
10
What term refers to the accuracy of a study?
Validity
11
What term refers to the consistency of the results of a study?
Reliability
12
What term refers to cause and effect, pertaining to Independent and Dependent variables?
Causation
13
What term refers to the spurious change between two variables in research?
Correlation
14
What kind of research method tests cause and effect in a controlled setting?
Experiment
15
What research method asks people directly, but depends on their honesty?
Surveying
16
What research method gives researchers deep insight due to involvement at the cost of it being time-consuming?
Observation
17
What research method is efficient, using existing data, at the cost of limited control?
Secondary Analysis
18
What term refers to a testable statement?
Hypothesis
19
Which gender bias sees the world through a male-centered lens, thus ignoring the roles women have?
Androcentricity
20
Which gender bias uses data on one sex to make claims about everyone?
Overgeneralization
21
Which gender bias ignores gender even when relevant?
Gender Blindness
22
Which gender bias judges behavior differently by gender?
Double Standards
23
Which gender bias results in the gender of the researcher affecting the response of the participant?
Interference
24
Which case study, conducted between 1932-1972, misled 600 Black men into being tested on the effects of syphilis, without given treatment?
Tuskegee Syphilis
25
What report, made in 1979, outlines three principles for ethical research, being respect for people, beneficence, and justice?
The Belmont Report
26
What concept shapes everything we do?
Culture
27
How does sociology define culture?
A way of life for a group
28
What kind of culture is physical?
Material Culture
29
What kind of culture is based on morals, traditions, language, and beliefs?
Nonmaterial Culture
30
What term refers to anything that stands for something else?
Symbol
31
What term refers to the most important system of symbols?
Language
32
What hypothesis states that language shapes reality?
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
33
What term refers to the shared ideas of right versus wrong?
Values
34
What term refers to the rules that are based on values?
Norms
35
What term is another word used to describe customs?
Folkways
36
What term is another word used to describe moral rules?
Mores
37
What term is another word used to describe rules that invoke shock when broken?
Taboos
38
What term is another word used to describe formal, enforced practices?
Laws
39
What term is used to describe rewards/punishments that thus enforce norms?
Sanctions
40
What term refers to what we claim to value?
Ideal Culture
41
What term refers to what we actually do?
Real Culture
42
What term refers to the things that are found in all societies?
Cultural Universals
43
What term refers to how cultures look different?
Diversity
44
What term describes groups within larger societies with unique values and norms?
Subcultures
45
What term refers to the overemphasis on European traditions?
Eurocentrism
46
What term refers to the respect for diverse traditions?
Multiculturalism
47
What term describes groups that reject mainstream norms?
Countercultures
48
What kind of cultural exchange shows a ripple effect through one innovation?
Integration
49
What kind of cultural exchange shows that material culture advances faster than nonmaterial culture?
Lag
50
What kind of cultural exchange involves the spread of cultural traits?
Diffusion
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