Social Studies Unit 6 Vocabulary

The political and social system in which Kings gave land to nobles in exchange for the noble's promis to serve them. Those nobles provided military service as Knights for the king.

The Danish Straits (between Denmark and Sweden), the English Channel (between England and France), the Straits of Gibraltar (between Spain and Africa), and the Bosporus Straits (in Turkey connecting the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea).

(Bubonic Plague) was caused by flea bites from fleas infected by the disease. It killed a third of the European population (a total of 25 million) from 1347 to 1352.

(Islamic) conquest of Europe was halted by the Pyrenees Mountains in Northern Spain.

Europe is part of a large landmass called Eurasia

Europe is a large peninsula. A peninsula is a body of land that is surrounded by water on three sides.

The topography of Europe is defined by mountainous southern and extreme northern edges and a flat central area called the Northern European Plain, a flat area that extends from France through the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, and into Russia.

The very good soil located in the Northern European Plain

Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe.

The Scadinavian Peninsula is in Northern Europe. Norway, Sweden, and part of Finland are on the Scandinavian Peninsula. The peninsula is surrounded by the Barents Sea, Baltic Sea, Norwegian Sea, and North Sea.

It is a steep, narrow, u-shaped, seawater filled valley that was carved out by a glacier. They are found along the coast of Norway and unique to Scandinavia.

The country of Denmark is on a peninsula called Jutland.

Portugal, Spain, and Andorra are the countries on the Iberian Peninsula.

Italy is on the Italian Peninsula. It's shaped like a boot.

The Balkan Peninsula is surrounded by the Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, and Black Sea. It consists of the countries of: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia/Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Croatia, Greece, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, and Turkiye.

During World War Two (WWII) the “good guys” (U.S.A., England, and France) were called the “Allies”

During World War Two (WWII) the “bad guys” (Germany, Italy, and Japan) were called the “Axis Powers”

England

Spain

Italy

Greece

Germany

The Ancient Greek civilization has been given credit as the "Founders of Democracy"

Following the fall of the Roman Empire the whole of Europe fell into a 1,000 year period where the advancement of learning, science, arts, music, and literature almost completely stopped. This is known as the Dark Ages.

In 1915 the Austrian-Hungarian Empire blamed the small country of Serbia for the assassination of their Prince, Franz Ferdinand and his wife, triggering the begining of World Ware One.

After World War Two (WWII) the country of Germany was broken up into two parts, East and West Germany. The Western half was controlled by the U.S., France, and England. The Eastern half was controlled by the Soviet Union (Russia)

Southern Europe has a warmer "Mediterranean" climate.

Northern Europe's climate is typically sub-artic and tundra climate types.

In 1517, a religous leader named Martin Luther led protests against Catholic church practices, which starts the Protestant Reformation in Germany.

From 1096 through 1291, Catholic Popes in Rome ordered a series of "crusades" led by noble knights from around Europe in an effort to retake the "Holy Land" (Jerusalem) from the Muslims.

Democracy in ancient Greece served as one of the first forms of self-rule government in the ancient world. The system and ideas employed by the ancient Greeks had profound influences on how democracy developed, and its impact on the formation of the United States Government.

The transfer of plants, animals, and people between Europe, Asia, and Africa on one side, and the Americas on the other.

The doctrine that Kings derive their authority from God, not from their subjects, from which it follows that rebellion is the worst of political crimes.

The period in Europe that began in Italy in the 1300s and lasted into the 1600s, during which art and learning flourished.

The Protestant Reformation was a religous reform movement that swept through Wurope in the 1500s. It resulted in the creation of a branch of Christianity called Protestantism, a named used collectively to refer to the many religous groups that separated from the Roman Catholic Church due to differences in doctrine.