1What were the 4 regions of Texas?
Great Plains, North Central Plains, Coastal Plain, Mountains & Basins
2What 3 rivers make the border of modern Texas?
Rio Grande, Red River, Sabine River
3Where were the Caddo Native Americans located?
Eastern Texas
4Where were the Karankawa Native Americans located?
Gulf Coast area
5Where were the Comanche Native Americans located?
North Central Texas
6Where were the Apache Native Americans located?
West Texas
7Where were the Pueblo Native Americans located?
Far West Texas/New Mexico border
8Where were the Coahuiltecan Native Americans located?
South Texas
9What did Alonso Álvarez do in 1519?
He mapped the Gulf Coast, marking the first Spanish exploration of Texas coastal areas
10What was La Relación?
A document written by de Vaca about his journey in Texas that explains details about Texas and native peoples
11Who was René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle?
French explorer who explored the Mississippi, landed in Texas, built Fort St. Louis, and led to more Spanish colonization
12What is Relative Location?
Describes an object's position based on another object's position
13What is Absolute Location?
Describes an object's position based on a defined coordinate system
14What is the Prime Meridian?
The line of longitude at 0° going North/South
15What is the Equator?
The line of latitude located at 0°, running East to West
16What is a Filibuster?
A person who causes a war without their state or government knowing
17Who was Fr. Miguel Hidalgo?
A priest in New Spain who caused the Mexican War for Independence by publishing the Cry of Dolores and was executed for his actions
18What happened in 1763?
End of the Seven Years War - France loses territory
19What was the Louisiana Purchase?
1803 agreement where U.S. bought the Louisiana territory from France
20What was the Adams-Onis Treaty?
1819 treaty that settled up the border
21What was the Cry of Dolores?
1810 event that started the war for independence
22What was the Plan of Iguala?
1821 plan for government with three guarantees
23What was the Treaty of Cordoba?
1821 Spanish surrender document that made Mexico free
24What was the Gutierrez-McGee Expedition?
1812 border and war event
25What was the Mission system?
A network of religious communities established by Spanish to convert Native Americans to Christianity and integrate them into Spanish society
26What were Presidios?
Military outposts built to protect missions and maintain control
27What was the Rubi Inspection Tour?
A tour recommending lowering the mission importance
28What was the Casta system?
A racial ranking system that the Plan of Iguala promised to eliminate
29Who was Agustín de Iturbide?
A Mexican politician and military leader who was pivotal in Mexico achieving independence, formulated the Plan of Iguala and finalized independence
30How did Mexico's northeastern border change during this period?
The Louisiana Purchase allowed the U.S. to have the Louisiana territory from France, creating a neutral ground that caused problems until the Adams-Onis Treaty settled the border
31What was the significance of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca?
Led the Narvaez expedition, spent 10 years in Texas
32What was the difference between the Coronado expedition and the De Soto/Moscoso expedition?
Both were looking for gold and riches in 1542; Coronado came from New Spain and met Pueblo & Apache while De Soto came from Florida and met Caddo
33Who was an Empresario?
A person who gets a land grant by Mexico to bring in settlers
34Who was Santa Anna?
A person who had a very high military and political career, who became president of Mexico and almost captured Texas
35Who was Stephen F. Austin?
A person who followed his father's dreams of being an empresario, became the first Anglo empresario, ended up becoming a legend who helped Texas become independent, and is known as the Father of Texas
36What happened in the Fredonian Rebellion?
When Haden Edwards lost his land grant, his response sparked the Fredonian Rebellion, scaring Mexico. They sent Mier y Teran to inspect the area, leading to the Teran Report, creating the Law of April 6th
37What were the Issues at Anahuac?
The Law of April 6th had been in place, Colonel Bradburn enforced it too much, William Travis became upset and was imprisoned in an oven, this angered people, turning into protest at the Battle of Velasco, resulting in the Turtle Bayou Resolution
38What was the difference between the Battle of Goliad and the Goliad Massacre?
The Battle of Goliad was a Texan win while the Goliad Massacre was a Mexican win. This was an important city since it was like the gateway to epicenter area
39What was the difference between the Siege of San Antonio and the Battle of the Alamo?
The Siege of San Antonio came first where Texans took San Antonio, while the Battle of the Alamo came after where Mexican soldiers took San Antonio. The city was a major location for Mexican forces moving
40How did Sam Houston engage Santa Anna after his election?
After being elected commander-in-chief of Texas army, he noticed his army was not prepared and leads the Runaway Scrape going to camping at Groce's Ferry to train his men. Meanwhile Santa Anna is Burning of Harrisburg. Both forces must meet at Buffalo Bayou leading up to the Battle of San Jacinto and Treaty of Velasco
41What was the Convention of 1836?
Was an important meeting where they declared independence from Mexico and created a new government. This marks the beginning of how Texas became a nation
42How did the Republic of Texas handle debt?
During Houston's terms he tried lowering debt by lower military, increasing tax and decrease government spending. Lamar increased debt trying to grow Texas. Jones helped lower by getting Texas Annexation
43How did the Republic handle Native Americans?
During Houston's presidency he tried to make peace with natives through treaties. During Lamar's presidency he tried to attack or kick out the natives to grow Texas
44How were diplomatic relationships with Mexico during the Republic?
Mexico refused to recognize Texas independence. Houston avoided conflict but incursions continued. Lamar had confrontational policies including Santa Fe Expedition. Houston was more aggressive in second term with Mier expedition. Jones focused on European recognition
45What was Houston's approach to annexation?
During Houston's career he wanted to get Texas Annexation but couldn't at the time. During Jones' career he said no since he did the hard part. Now it's time to prove. During Anson he gained Texas Annexation with America
46What were Texas' diplomatic relationships with European nations?
Texas sought European recognition for legitimacy. Houston initially sent out diplomats to Europe, and at the end of his term and beginning of Lamar led to several ties built on trade. These were a vital tool of the Jones administration in securing a more beneficial annexation deal from the U.S.
47What factors would draw colonists to Texas?
How cheap their land was and how it had good farm land. They would also come for being free from debt and sense of adventure, but came with issues that natives could still attack and people weren't there to know which was your land