1What is Madd Tabi’i (Natural Madd)?
A 2-beat extension that occurs when a vowelled letter is followed by a madd letter (ا, ي, or و)
2What are the letters involved in Madd Tabi’i?
Fathah → ا | Kasrah → ي | Dammah → و
3What are the limitations of Madd Tabi’i?
It cannot occur if the madd letter is followed by a hamzah or sukoon
4What is Madd Hiwad (Compensation Madd)?
A 2-beat extension replacing tanween fatha with an alif madd when stopping
5When is Madd Hiwad applied?
When stopping on a word ending in tanween fatha (except if it ends in Ta Marbutah or Haa-ut-Tanis)
6What is Madd Badal?
A type of natural madd where the hamzah is extended like a Madd Tabi’i
7What is the limitation of Madd Badal?
It cannot be applied if the hamzah is followed by another hamzah or sukoon
8What is Madd Lazim Kalimi Muthaqqal?
A 6-beat obligatory madd where a madd is followed by a letter with shaddah in the same word
9Why is Madd Lazim Kalimi called “Muthaqqal” (heavy)?
Because of the presence of a shaddah which includes a hidden sukoon and an emphasized letter
10What is the rule for Madd Lazim Kalimi Muthaqqal?
Madd must be extended 6 beats every time, without exception
11What is Madd Lazim Kalimi Mukhaffaf?
A 6-beat madd in a word where the madd is followed by a plain sukoon (no shaddah)
12How many examples of Madd Lazim Kalimi Mukhaffaf are in the Qur’an?
Only 2 – both in Surah Yunus, Ayahs 51 and 91
13What does the word in Madd Lazim Kalimi Mukhaffaf mean?
“Is it now?” – used to express criticism or irony
14What is Madd Lazim Harfi?
A 6-beat madd applied to the disjointed letters at the beginning of some surahs (حروف مقطعة)
15What is Madd Lazim Harfi Muthaqqal?
Occurs when a Madd letter from the حروف مقطعة is followed by a merging letter (with ghunnah)
16What is Madd Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf?
Occurs when a Madd letter from the حروف مقطعة is followed by a non-merging letter (no ghunnah)
17What are the letters involved in Madd Lazim Harfi?
The disjointed letters: س ن ق ص ل ك م
18How do you determine if it’s Muthaqqal or Mukhaffaf?
If there is ghunnah → Muthaqqal | If no ghunnah → Mukhaffaf
19What color codes are used in the Madd Harfi section?
Green = all Madd letters, Red = Muthaqqal (heavy), Yellow = Mukhaffaf (light)
20What is Madd Al-Muttasil Wajib?
A required 4–5 beat extension when a madd is followed by a hamzah in the same word
21What is the limitation of Madd Muttasil Wajib?
If the hamzah is in the beginning of a new word, it doesn’t require 4–5 beats
22What is Madd Al-Munfasil Jaiz?
An optional 4–5 beat extension when a madd is followed by a hamzah in the beginning of the next word
23What is the minimum beat extension allowed in Madd Munfasil Jaiz?
2 beats
24What is the difference between Muttasil and Munfasil?
Muttasil: hamzah in same word; Munfasil: hamzah at the start of next word
25What is Madd ‘Arid Lissukoon?
A 2, 4, or 6 beat optional extension when stopping on a sukoon after a Madd Tabi’i
26What are the conditions for Madd ’Arid Lissukoon?
There must be a sukoon caused by a stop, preceded by a Madd letter
27What is Madd al-Leen?
A 2, 4, or 6 beat extension applied when stopping on a word where a fatha is followed by و or ي with sukoon
28What are the conditions for Madd al-Leen?
Last letter has sukoon, 2nd last letter has fatha, and the sukoon follows و or ي
29What happens when Madd al-Leen and Madd ’Arid Lissukoon occur together?
The stronger madd (usually ’Arid) must be longer or equal in length to the weaker (Leen)
30What is the rule when Leen comes before ’Arid?
’Arid must be equal to or longer than Leen
31What is the rule when ’Arid comes before Leen?
Leen must be equal to or shorter than ’Arid