1Knowledge from an ability to understand or know something immediately based on feelings rather than facts. (Cambridge dictionary)
Intuition
2Person or organization having political or administrative power, influence, and control.
Authority
3Any process of knowledge generation that requires the application of
reasoning or logic.lowest level of measurement and most often used with variables that are
qualitative in nature than quantitativeNumerical scale on which the distance between adjacent units is equal, no
absolute zero pointwhaAny property or characteristic of some event, object, or person that may have
different values at different times depending on the conditions.Number calculated on population data that quantifies a characteristic of the
population.No variables are actively manipulated by the investigator
Rationalism
4Primary source of knowledge
Reason
5Systematic gathering and analyzing of data to test hypotheses and
answer questions.
Scientific Method
6what are the 3 attributes of scales?
1. magnitude
2. an equal interval between the adjacent units
3. an absolute zero point
7what are the 3 characteristics of scales in research?
a) Anything that can be measured falls into one of the four levels
b) Higher the level, the more precision in measurement
c) Every level up contains all the properties of the previous level
8lowest level of measurement and most often used with variables that are qualitative in nature than quantitative
Nominal
9possess a low level of property of magnitude
ranking/ordering cases in terms of degree to which they have any given
characteristic
o no equal interval is assumed between units/values or no established numeric differences between data points
Ordinal
10Numerical scale on which the distance between adjacent units is equal, no absolute zero point
Interval
11numerical scales on which the distance between adjacent units is equal, and have absolute zero points
Ratio
12Refer to methods for organizing, summarizing and interpreting data (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2019
Statistics
13Techniques that are used to describe or characterize the obtained data
Descriptive
14what are the areas of statistics?
descriptive and inferential
15Techniques that use the obtained sample data to infer to populations
Inferential
16Measurements that are made on the subjects of an experiment are called?
Data
17Any property or characteristic of some event, object, or person that may have different values at different times depending on the conditions.
Variables
18Describes a characteristic
Qualitative
19Depicts or assigns a numerical value
Quantitative
20what is the difference between discrete and continuous?
discrete is counted while continuous is measured
21This is described as the one in which there are no possible values between adjacent units on the scale (Pagano, 2007)
Discrete
22This is described as the one that theoretically can have an infinite number of values between adjacent units on the scale (Pagano, 2007).
Continuous
23descriptive statistics comonly uses?
• frequency counts
• ranges (high and low scores or values)
• means, modes, median scores
• standard deviations
24Likelihood or degree of certainty that a particular event will occur.
Probability
25Typically involve collecting data on behaviors, attitudes, or actions of two or more groups to answer a research question (hypothesis).
Experiments
26Manipulated by the investigator.
Independent
27Measured by the investigator.
Dependent
28what are the types of variables in experiments?
dependent and independent
29Complete set of individuals, objects, or scores that the investigator is interested in studying
Population
30Number calculated on population data that quantifies a characteristic of the population.
Parameter
31Subset of the population.
Sample
32Number calculated on sample data that quantifies a characteristic of the
sample.
Statistic
33No variables are actively manipulated by the investigator
Observational Studies
34what are the types of observational studies?
naturalistic observation
parameter estimation
correlational studies
35There is an attempt to determine whether changes in one variable
produce changes in one variable.
True Experiments
36List the 6 most popular statistical programs
• Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS),
• Biomedical Computer Programs-P series (BDMP),
• Statistical Analysis System (SAS),
• SYSTAT,
• MINITAB and
• Excel (Pagano, 2007)
37List the 3 statistical analysis softwares
• R Project for Statistical Computing,
• PSPP and
• Jamovi