W2: COLLECTION OF DATA

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1
Knowledge from an ability to understand or know something immediately based on feelings rather than facts. (Cambridge dictionary)
Intuition
2
Person or organization having political or administrative power, influence, and control.
Authority
3
Any process of knowledge generation that requires the application of
reasoning or logic.lowest level of measurement and most often used with variables that are
qualitative in nature than quantitativeNumerical scale on which the distance between adjacent units is equal, no
absolute zero pointwhaAny property or characteristic of some event, object, or person that may have
different values at different times depending on the conditions.Number calculated on population data that quantifies a characteristic of the
population.No variables are actively manipulated by the investigator
Rationalism
4
Primary source of knowledge
Reason
5
Systematic gathering and analyzing of data to test hypotheses and
answer questions.
Scientific Method
6
what are the 3 attributes of scales?
1. magnitude
2. an equal interval between the adjacent units
3. an absolute zero point
7
what are the 3 characteristics of scales in research?
a) Anything that can be measured falls into one of the four levels
b) Higher the level, the more precision in measurement
c) Every level up contains all the properties of the previous level
8
lowest level of measurement and most often used with variables that are qualitative in nature than quantitative
Nominal
9
possess a low level of property of magnitude
ranking/ordering cases in terms of degree to which they have any given
characteristic
o no equal interval is assumed between units/values or no established numeric differences between data points
Ordinal
10
Numerical scale on which the distance between adjacent units is equal, no absolute zero point
Interval
11
numerical scales on which the distance between adjacent units is equal, and have absolute zero points
Ratio
12
Refer to methods for organizing, summarizing and interpreting data (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2019
Statistics
13
Techniques that are used to describe or characterize the obtained data
Descriptive
14
what are the areas of statistics?
descriptive and inferential
15
Techniques that use the obtained sample data to infer to populations
Inferential
16
Measurements that are made on the subjects of an experiment are called?
Data
17
Any property or characteristic of some event, object, or person that may have different values at different times depending on the conditions.
Variables
18
Describes a characteristic
Qualitative
19
Depicts or assigns a numerical value
Quantitative
20
what is the difference between discrete and continuous?
discrete is counted while continuous is measured
21
This is described as the one in which there are no possible values between adjacent units on the scale (Pagano, 2007)
Discrete
22
This is described as the one that theoretically can have an infinite number of values between adjacent units on the scale (Pagano, 2007).
Continuous
23
descriptive statistics comonly uses?
• frequency counts
• ranges (high and low scores or values)
• means, modes, median scores
• standard deviations
24
Likelihood or degree of certainty that a particular event will occur.
Probability
25
Typically involve collecting data on behaviors, attitudes, or actions of two or more groups to answer a research question (hypothesis).
Experiments
26
Manipulated by the investigator.
Independent
27
Measured by the investigator.
Dependent
28
what are the types of variables in experiments?
dependent and independent
29
Complete set of individuals, objects, or scores that the investigator is interested in studying
Population
30
Number calculated on population data that quantifies a characteristic of the population.
Parameter
31
Subset of the population.
Sample
32
Number calculated on sample data that quantifies a characteristic of the
sample.
Statistic
33
No variables are actively manipulated by the investigator
Observational Studies
34
what are the types of observational studies?
naturalistic observation
parameter estimation
correlational studies
35
There is an attempt to determine whether changes in one variable
produce changes in one variable.
True Experiments
36
List the 6 most popular statistical programs
• Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS),
• Biomedical Computer Programs-P series (BDMP),
• Statistical Analysis System (SAS),
• SYSTAT,
• MINITAB and
• Excel (Pagano, 2007)
37
List the 3 statistical analysis softwares
• R Project for Statistical Computing,
• PSPP and
• Jamovi
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