1What are the intial medication choices for non black diabetic patients?
ACEI or ARB
2What are the intial medication choices for african american diabetic patients?
CCB or thiazide
3What are the intial medication choices for CKD patients
ACEI or ARB
4What are the intial medication choices for stroke patients?
ACEI or ARB
5What are the intial medication choices for coronary disease?
BB plus ACEI or ARB
6What are the intial medication choices for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
ACEI or ARB
BB
AA
diuretic
7What are the intial medication choices for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?
ACEI or ARB
BB
diuretic
8Beta blockers are preferred first line use in patients with?
ischemic heart disease
heart failure
A fib
thoracic aortic disease
thyrotoxicosis
migraine
essential tremor
9Loop diuretics are the preferred diuretic in patient with?
symptomatic heart failure
CKD (GFR <30 mL/min)
10Potassium sparing diuretics are preferred in hypertension due to?
primary hyperaldosteronism
11Triamterene is an? When is it used?
epithelial sodium channel blocker
add on for patients with hypokalemia who are on thiazides
12Aliskiren is an?
direct renin inhibitor
13What are the alpha 1 blockers?
prazosin
doxazosin
14What are alpha 1-blockers used for?
HTN caused by pheochromocytoma
adjunct in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy
15What are the alpha-2 agonists?
clonidine
methyldopa
16What is a direct arteriolar vasodilators? What is it used for?
hyralazine
treatment for pregnant patients
17Long term use of thiazide diuretics can result in?
hyponatremia
18Which drug works by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium and chloride (mostly in the distal tubule)?
thiazides
19What are some of the big AE assocated with thiazides?
hypkalemia
hyponatremia
hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia
20What are the contraindications with thiazide diuretics?
anuria
gout
severe hypokalemia
21What are the two types of potassium spring diuretics?
aldosterone antagonists
epithelial sodium channel blockers
22What do you want to monitor with triamterene?
potassium levels
23What are the indications for potassium sparing diuretics?
ascites/edema due to CHF
nephrotic syndrome
cirrhosis
hypertension
24Spironolactone is used for?
hyperandrogenic states
PCOS
cirrhosis
25Which drug class works on the ascending limb of the loop of henle inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride?
loop diuretics
26When are loop diuretics used?
CHF patients with decreased GFR
27When are loop diuretics used?
hypertension
edema
renal failure
hypercalcemia
forced diuresis
28What are they usually combined with the overcome resistent to diuretic treatment?
thiazides
29Which loop is okay to use for a patient with a sulfonamide hypersensitivity?
ethacrynic acid
30What is an osmotic diuretic?
mannitol
31What is mannitol used for?
cerebral edema
32What are the AE of mannitol?
dehydration
pulmonary edema
hypo/hypernatremia
33What are the AE of ACEI and ARBs?
cough
angioedema
pemphigus vulgaris
teratogenicity
hypotension
hyperkalemia
renal failure
increased creatinine
low GFR
34What are the absolute contraindications for ACEI?
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
pregnancy
breastfeeding
35What are the relative contraindications?
aortic sttenosis
renal dysfunction
solitary kidney
36What are the DDIs with ACEI
NSAIDs
potassium sparing diuretics
lithium
allopurinol
37Which calcium channel blockers bind to the L type calcium channels in the SA and AV nodes, myocardium and vasculature?
non-dihydropyridines
38Which calcium channel blockers primarily act on vascular smooth muscle?
dihydropyridine
39What are diltiazem and verapamil used for?
arterial HTN
SVT
angina
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
40What is verapamil specifically used for?
migraines
41What are the contraindications for non-dihydropyridines?
wpw
sick sinus syndrome
bradycardia
2/3 degree heart block
42What are the uses for dihydropyridines?
arterial HTN
angina pectoris
raynaud phenomenon
43What specifically is nicardapine and clevidipine used for?
hypertensive emergency
44What is nimodipine used for?
subarachnoid hemorrhage
45What are the contraindications for CCB-dihydropyridines?
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
severe stenotic heart valve defects
46What are the Beta 1 selective blockers?
atenolol
bisoprolol
metoprolol
47What is a beta non selective blocker?
propranolol
48What is propanolol used for?
exac