1about
not exact, but very close to correct; approximate; almost
2addend
any number that is added
3addition
the operation that combines, or puts together, numbers
4approximate
close to the exact number
5array
an arrangement of objects in equal rows and columns
6associative (grouping) property
the order in which you add or multiply THREE OR MORE numbers does not change the outcome. Example: a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c
7average (mean)
a number that the other numbers cluster around, found by dividing the sum of a set of numbers by the number of addends in the set
8base
the number used as the factor when a number is written in exponential form
9common base
terms in exponential form that have the same base
10common factor
a number that is a factor of two or more numbers
11commutative (order) property
the order in which you add or multiply two numbers does not change the outcome. Example: a*b=b*a
12composite number
a number that has more than two factors; a number that can be made with only one array
13decimal fraction
a whole number divided into one-tenth or powers of tenths
14decimal place value names
each place value to the right of the decimal point is a product of 1/10's
15denominator
the bottom number in a fraction
16difference
the answer in a subtraction problem
17differences
qualities that are not alike
18discount
a reduction in the regular price of an item
19distributive property
if a, b, and c are real numbers, then a* (b + c) = (a * b) + (a * c). When a number is multiplied by the sum of two other numbers, the first number can be multiplied by each of them separately.
20dividend
in a division problem, the number that is divided into parts
21division
to take apart groups of equal size
22divisor
in a division problem, the number that an amount is divided by
24equal sign ( = )
a symbol showing that two expressions are equal or have the same value
25equation
a number sentence that uses the equal sign (=) to show that two expressions have the same vale
26equivalent
equal in value but different in form
27equivalent decimals
two or more decimals that are written differently but represent the same number
28equivalent fractions
two or more fractions that are written differently but represent the same number
29estimate
a number that is not exact; a careful guess.
30expanded form/expanded notation
a way to write numbers that shows the value of each digit
31exponent
a number that shows how many equal factors there are
32exponential form
a way of writing a number using exponents
33factor
one of two or more numbers or expressions that are multiplied to form the product
34finite set
a set with a limited number of members
35fraction
a way of showing equal parts of a whole or of a set
36greater than sign ( > )
a symbol that shows that the number or expression on the left is larger than the number or expression on the right
37greatest common factor
the greatest number that divides into two or more numbers evenly
38gross pay
the amount of pay before deductions
39grouping property ( also called the associative property)
the order in which you add or multiply three or more numbers does not change the result
40hourly rate
the amount of pay received for an hour's work
41identity element
a number that when you perform an operation on it with another number, the result is the other number
42identity property of addition
when you add zero to a number, the sum equals that number
43identity property of multiplication
when you multiply a number by one, the product is equal to that number
44improper fraction
a fraction that has a numerator that is equal to or greater than the denominator
45infinite set
a set that never ends
46integers
the set of whole numbers and their opposites
47interest formula ( I = prt )
the formula used to calculate the money earned on savings or paid for a loan
48inverse (of a number)
the reciprocal of a fraction, formed by turning the fraction "upside down" (reversing the numerator and denominator)
49inverse (opposite) operations
operations that undo each other, such as addition and subtraction or multiplication and division
50least common multiple (LCM)
the least number that is a common multiple of two or more numbers
51less than sign ( < )
a symbol that shows that the number or expression on the left is smaller than the number or expression on the right
52like fractions
fractions that have the same denominator
53lowest common denominator
the least number that is a common denominator of two or more fractions
54lowest terms
when the numerator and denominator of a fraction have no common factors other than one
55mean (average)
a number that the other numbers cluster around, found by dividing the sum of a set of numbers by the number of addends in the set
56mixed decimal
a number written as a whole number and a decimal fractions
57mixed number
a number written as a whole number and a decimal fraction
58multiple
a number that is the product of a given number and any whole number
59multiplication
putting together groups of equal size
60natural numbers
the set of counting numbers
61negative number
any number less than zero
62net pay
the actual amount of pay received after deductions
63net price
the amount paid on an item after a discount has been subtracted
64numerator
the number above the line in a fraction that shows how many equal parts of the whole are being counted
65open number sentence/open equation
a number sentence having an unknown number
66opposite numbers
two numbers that are the same distance from zero; a number and its opposite have a sum of zero
67order property
also called the commutative property. The order in which you add or multiply two numbers does not change the outcome
68parentheses ( )
the symbols used to show which operation or operations in an expression should be done first.
69percent
a special ratio that compares a number to 100 using the symbol %.
70place value
a system of naming numbers in which the value of a digit depends on its position in the numeral
71place value names (ones - hundred millions)
ones, tens, hundreds, thousands, ten thousands, hundred thousands, millions, ten millions, hundred millions
72positive number
any number greater than zero
73prime factor
finding prime factors of a number means to express a composite number as the product of prime numbers
74prime number
a whole number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself.
75principal
the amount of money borrowed or loaned, upon which interested is calculated
76product
the answer of a multiplication problem
77proper fraction
a fraction that has a numerator that is less than its denominator
78property
a rule that is always true
79proportion
an equation that shows that two ratios are equal
80quotient
the answer in a division problem
81rate
a special kind of ratio that compares different units; a fraction or a ratio that compares two numbers
82ratio
a comparison of two numbers using division
83rational numbers
any number that can be written as a fraction
84reasonable
an answer that is close to what is expected or estimated
85reciprocal
the number that another number is multiplied by to get a product of one
86regular price
the price of an item before a discount is taken
87remainder
the number left over when you divided a whole number into another as far as you can without using decimals
88repeating decimal
a fraction that has a decimal expression that shows a repeating pattern of digits
89roster
a list of numbers of a set
90rounding
changing a number to another number that is close to the original number, ends in zero and is easier to work with
91sales tax
a percent of the purchase price added to the total cost
92scientific notation
writing large or small numbers by writing the number as a decimal between 1 and 10, multiplied by a power of ten
93set
a collection of elements that can be indicated by using a rule, by a roster with braces, or as a graph
94similarities
characteristics in common or alike
95simplify
when we simplify multiplication expressions that have exponents, we add the exponents of the common bases
96square of a number
the total number of unit squares needed to form a larger square with sides equal to the given number; the product of the number times itself
97standard notation/standard form
a way to write numbers using one digit for each place value
98subtraction
the operation that takes a number apart or compares two numbers
99sum
the answer in addition
100table
a systematic way to organize information
101terminating decimal
a decimal fraction that has a finite number of digits
102total cost
the sum of the items purchased and the sales tax
103unique
being the only one of its kind
104variable
a symbol such as a box or a letter used used to represent an unknown number
105Venn diagram
a drawing that shows the relationships among sets of objects, numbers, or ideas
106whole numbers
the set of counting numbers and zero
107zero property
the product of any number and zero is zero