Visual Arts

line, shape, space, texture, form, value/tone, color

element of art used to define shape, contours, and outlines also to suggest mass and volume; may be a continuous mark made on surface with pointed tool or implied by the edges of shapes and forms

width, length, direction, focus, feeling

thick, thin, tapering, uneven

long, continuous, broken, short

horizontal, vertical, diagonal, curving, perpendicular, oblique, parallel, radical, zigzag

sharp, blurry, fuzzy, choppy

sharp, jagged, graceful, smooth

outline, contour, gesture, sketch, calligraphic, implied

lines made by edge of object or its silhouette

lines that describe shape of an object and the interior detail

lines that are energetic and catches the movement of an active figure

lines that capture the appearance of an object and the interior detail

Greek word meaning "beautiful writing". Precise, elegant writing or writing done by hand

lines that are not actually drawn but created by group of objects seen from a distance

comfort, grace, ease

distance and calm

lines that suggest height, strength, and nobility

lines that suggest turmoil and anxiety

strongly suggest movement and give more of feeling of vitality to picture

when line crosses itself or itself or intersects with other lines to enclose a space it creates a shape, 2D, height and width, but no depth

circles, squares, rectangle, triangle

Leaf, seashells, flowers. We see them in nature and with characteristics that are free flowing, informal and irregular.

solid forms in a painting's design such as bowl of fruit

in a drawing it is the space around the positive shape or the shape around the bowl of fruit. In sculpture it is the empty space around and between sculptures

shapes that appear stable or resting

shapes that appear moving or active

can be natural or man-made, regular or irregular, flat (2D), solid (3D), representative, or abstract, geometric, or organic, transparent or opaque,

angles and curves of shapes appear to change depending on our viewpoint.

shapes can be used to control your feelings in composition of work

portray strength and stability

represent continuous movement

lead eye upward

creates sense of imbalance and tension

relates to physical volume of of a shape and the space it occupies

3-dimensionality of an object can be representational or abstract; generally refers to sculpture, 3D design and architecture but may also relate to the illusion of 3D on 2D surface; can hold it, walk around it, sometimes walk inside it, value can be used to imply form in drawing or painting

comes from light

used to organized color

red, yellow, blue, cannot not be mixed to create, must be bought in some way

created by mixing 2 primaries, orange, violet, green

created by mixing primary and secondary colors, red orange, yellow green, blue violet

colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel; look bright when placed next to each other; mixing them neutralizes them

has strong effect on our emotions; element used to create mood or atmosphere of an artwork

color as light, tone, pattern, form, symbol, movement, harmony, contrast, mood

3-dimensionally of sculpture, with sculpture or architecture u can walk around them, look above them and enter them; refers to space of the sculpture or architecture, 3-dimensionally object will have height, width, and depth

surface of your drawing paper or canvas, can be crowded space with lots of objects or empty space with very few objects

can achieve illusion of depth; technique used to have your picture look likes it is moving to the distance like a landscape or cityscape

positive space, negative space, picture plane, composition, focal point

the actual sculpture or building

it is the space around the sculpture or building

flat surface of your drawing paper or canvas

organization and placement of the elements on your picture plane

object or area you want the viewer to look at first

nonlinear perspective, position, overlapping, size variation, color, value, linear perspective, one-point perspective, two-point perspective

method of drawing showing depth that incorporates different techniques

placing an object higher on the page makes it appear farther back then objects placed lower on the page

when an object overlaps another object it appears closer to the viewer and the object behind the object appears farther away

smaller objects look farther away in the distance; larger objects look closer

bright look like they are closer to you and neutral look like they are farther away

lighter look like they are farther back and darker value look like they are closer

method of using lines to show the illusion of depth in picture; different types of this perspective

when created by the sides of tables or building look like they are pointing to the distance and they all meet at one point perspective; ie stand in middle of hallway and look at the horizontal lines in the brick or the corner where ceiling meets the wall, see how they move to one point on the horizon

here lines look like they are meeting at two points on the horiztonal line

surface quality of an object; also refers to way a picture is made to look rough or smooth; rock may be jagged; piece of silk may be soft and smooth and your desk may feel hard or smooth

categories of texture

actual texture of an object, artist may create real texture in art to give it visual interest or evoke a feeling

where 2D piece of art is made to look like certain texture but in fact is just smooth piece of paper

kinds of texture

defines lightness or darkness of color; tonal values of artwork can be adjusted to alter its expressive character

tone can be used to

principles of design

rhythm, harmony, variation, without variation repetition can become monotonous

symmetrical, asymmetrical, is used in a similar way to as how it is used in physics

relating the design elements to the idea being expressed in painting reinforces the principal, refers to visual linking of various elements of the work eg. painting w/ active aggressive subject would work better w/ dominant oblique direction, course, rough texture, angular lines etc. whereas quiet passive subject would bene from horizontal lines, soft texture and less tonal contrast

compositional devise emphasizing certain area or object to draw attention to piece and to encourage closer scrutiny of work, given to area within in a design bc that area is meant to be seen or is more important when compared to other elements of design,

sometimes included as principle of design and is similar to emphasis and focal point in that one may use it to achieve emphasis

suggestion or illusion in painting, sculpture, or design (ie circles going diagonally up & down from left to right could show that design moves up and to right or down and to the left

movement or variation characterized by regular recurrence or alternation of different quantities or conditions, like pattern and shows that design has 'beat' or 'flow' going with it, plain white box has no rhythm what so ever

dry media, made from ocher hematite, white soapstone or black carbonaceous shale, developed mid 16th century, creates wide variety of tonal areas with subtle b/w areas

made from burnt wood, requires paper w/ rough surface, tendency to smudge easily, popular because extremely expressive

made from carbon as in pencil lead, can have various degrees of hardness, harder the lead the more delicate the mark

chalk medium of dried paste combining colored pigment and water-based binder, difficult to work with, worked on special ribbed paper, fixative holds powder in place

linear, also has possibility of variations in line and texture, ink can diluted to achieve shading techniques, liquid media

liquid media

dry media

ink diluted with water and applied with brush, creates wash similar to watercolor, difficult to control, worked quickly and freely

developed in 15th century, most popular of painting media, wide range of color possibilities, dry slowly, options for textural manipulation and durable; developed in 15th century, most popular of painting media, wide range of color possibilities, dry slowly, options for textural manipulation and durable

includes any color medium that uses water as thinner, often referred to as transparent paint, control is important, delicacy that cannot be produced in any other medium

watercolor medium in which gum is added to ground opaque colors and mixed with water, Chinese white added to transparent watercolor creates an opaque paint

opaque watercolor referring to ground pigments and their colors binders such as gum, glue, or egg, fast drying, virtually eliminates brush strokes, gives sharp and precise detail

modern synthetic products, most are water soluble, use acrylic polymer as binding agent, wide range of possibilities in color and technique, dry fast, thin resistant to cracking

work done on wet plaster with water soluble paints, image becomes part of the wall surface as opposed to being painted on it

prints

ink is transferred to paper from raised area on printing block, woodcuts and engravings are 2 popular techniques, collograph- assorted objects glued to board or plate

ink transferred from grooves of metal plate to paper by extreme pressure, engraving, etching, drypoint, and aquatint

planographic processes

using an image rendered on flat surface, treated to retain ink while non-image areas repel ink

ink forced through stretched fabric part of which has been blocked out

applying ink to a flat surface and transferring it to paper

can be observed in dimensions of height, width, and depth; include sculpture, installations, performance art and decorative art

examples of 3D art

cutting out pieces of material, usually wood or stone, until you create the desired shape

pouring liquid art medium like iron into specially designed molds to develop parts of a large sculpture

manipulating and transforming soft art materials, like clay or plaster, and letting them harden into the desired shape; contemporary artists also use different modeling methods for creating fantastic glass art pieces

creative process in which artists assembles a sculpture by combining various materials and using glue, wire, or welding to keep the elements together

mixed media techniques and unconventional artistic expression

art pieces made by combining various materials like paper, cloth, newspaper clipping, and everyday objects to create unique artwork, can even create digital collage from art online

3D version of mixed media art created by arranging different objects and materials on specific surface

mixed media form where artists use everyday objects and transform them into art pieces by putting them into specific artistic concept

technique involves physically changing book and using it as medium in artistic process; you may cut pages as material for separate artwork

different types of photography

represents a way to enrich your record of different events, memories, and thoughts by adding artistic touch to it

aims to capture significant moments in history or everyday life that will faithfully depict an era; closely related to photojournalism, and plays significant role in pointing out burning social issues

originated from its version of painting, photographers focus on environment, taking pictures of natural and urban surroundings and using framing and cropping methods to create extraordinary compositions

has been around since invention of daguerreotype; artistic photography style replaced portrait painting as much faster affordable way capturing someone's image; technological process enabled artistic photographers to go out and use natural surroundings and like to create mesmerizing portraits

dates back to the invention of this art medium and nude photographers originally wanted to evoke the classical ideal of beauty by presenting their subjects as nymphs or ancient heroes; as opposed to this avant-garde nudes presented the human body as independent entity liberated from all art conventions

appeared with rise of digital technology offering array of new possibilities for creating fantastic art pieces, now photographers can create and retouch their work with the help of advanced programs and apps

Ancient Greece

emphasis on order harmony and balance; focus on celebrating and idealizing human figure

years of the Renaissance

artist of the Renaissance

emerged more exalted perception of art, rise in social status of the artist; sought to capture the experience of the individual and the beauty and mystery of the natural world; painter and sculpture now on par with those of poet and musician

characteristics of Renaissance Art (6)

years of the Baroque

artists of Baroque period (5)

Characteristics of Baroque art

years of Rococo period

artists of Rococo period

style of art that emerged in France in early 18th century as continuation of Baroque; motifs focused on carefree aristocratic life and on lightened romance rather than heroic battles or religious figures; heavily revolved around nature and exterior settings

characteristics of Rococo art

years of Neoclassism

reaction against pomposity of Rococo, typically involved an emphasis on austere linear design in the depiction of classical events characters, and themes using historically correct settings and costumes

characteristics of Neoclassism

the years of Romanticism

valued expression of emotion over control of Classism; achieved this emotion through spectacular painting technique and choice of emotive and sensual subjects which often commemorated dramatic contemporary and historical events

years of Realism

French style of painting that focused on everyday reality of subject imperfections and all; artists such as Milet, Corbot, Courbet, and Manet reacted against heightened emotions of Romanticism; sought objective truth that reflected social realities of common man in natural environment

Years of Impressionism

art movement that started in France around 1870 which attempted to capture fleeting impressions or feeling of scene rather than detailed realism

Modernism

rejected traditional values of modernism and instead embraced experimentation including intermedia, installation art, conceptual art, multimedia, performance art, and identity politics including pop art

Post Modernism

Les Nabis years

artists preached that work of art is end product and visual expression of artist's synthesis of nature in personal aesthetic metaphors and symbols; paved way for early 20th century development of abstract and non-representative art; searching for beauty beyond that found in nature-seized upon mysterious and mystical even if subject related to ordinary, everyday life

Expressionism

refers to art in which image of reality is distorted in order to make it expressive of artist's inner feelings or ideas

Art Nouveau

new style in visual arts and architecture that developed in Europe and end of 19th century; characterized particularly by curvilinear of leaves and flowers often in form of vines

Fauvism

joyful style of painting that delighted in using outrageously bold colors; developed in France at beginning of of 20th century by Henri Matisse and Andre Derain; artists who painted in this style (wild beasts) title that came from sarcastic remark in review by art critic Louis Vauxcelles; believed color should be at its highest pitch to express artists feeling abt subject than than simply to describe what it looks like; paintings have 2 main characteristics extremely simplified drawing and intensely exaggerated color

characteristics of Fauvism

highly influential visual arts style of 20th century that was created principally by painters Pablo Picasso and George Braque in Paris b/w 1907 and 1914; emphasized flat 2D surface of pic plane, rejecting traditional techniques of perspective foreshadowing, modeling, and chiaroscuro, refuting time honored theories of art as imitation of nature; these painters not bound to copying form, texture, color, and space instead presented new reality in paintings that depicted radically fragmented objects whose several sides were seen simultaneously

Cubism years

Cubism

years of Dadaism

time of Futurism

years of De Stjil

Harlem Renaissance years

Post Modernism years to

Pop Art time

Surrealism years

Abstract Expressionism years

characteristics of Dadaism

post WW1 cultural movement in visual art as well as movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry) theatre and graphic design; movement protest against war; believed was oppressive intellectual rigidity in art and everyday society; works were characterized by deliberate and rejection of prevailing standards of art; influenced later movements

invented and predominantly based in Italy; led by poet Marinetti;focused on process and modernity; these artists sought to sweep away traditional artistic notions and replace them with energetic celebration of machine age; speed, violence, and working classes were all glorified by group as ways to advance change; focus placed on creating unique and dynamic vision of future and artists incorporated portrayal of urban landscapes as well as new technologies such as trains, cars, and airplanes into depictions

art movement advocating pure abstraction and simplicity form and other geometric shapes and color to primary colors along w/ black and white

African American literacy and art movement in uptown Manhattan neighborhood of Harlem in mid and late 1920s; community developed greatly from post WW1 emigration from South to become economic, political and cultural center of black America, writers painters celebrated cultural traditions of African Americans; also called name "" "' Movement after book by Alan Locke

not only reaction against emotionally charged techniques of Abstract Expressionism but also further refinement of pure abstraction; attempt to discover essence of art by reducing elements of work to basic considerations of shape, surface and materials; used hard edge

rejected traditional values of modernism and instead embraced experimentation; including intermedia, installation art, conceptual art, multimedia, performance art and identify politics including pop art

movement and style that had its origins in England 1950s and made way to US during 1960s; artists focused attention upon familiar images of pop culture ie. billboards, comic strips, magazine adverts, supermarket products

contains moving parts or depend on motion for its effort; moving parts generally powered by wind, motor, or observer, term refers to class of art primarily made primarily from 1950s thru 1960s, 1st recorded by sculptors Naum Gabo, Antoine, Pevsner in Realist Manifesto issued as part of manifesto of constructionism in 1920 Moscow, "Bicycle Wheel" first of these types of pieces (Marcel Duchamp)

positive response to Dada's negativity; aim outlined in First Manifesto in 1924 liberate artist's imagination by tapping into unconscious mind to discover 'superior reality' 'sur-reality', drew upon images of dreams effects of combining dissociated images; technique of pure psychic automatism - spontaneous form of drawing w/out conscious control of mind

painting movement where artists typically applied paint rapidly w/ force to their canvases in effort to show feelings and emotions, painting gesturally, non-geometrically, sometimes applying paint with large brushes sometimes dripping or throwing onto canvas

Abstract Expressionism characteristics