Topic 05 – Continued.. Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) in C++

Procedural programming focuses on functions and data, while object-oriented programming focuses on objects containing both data and functions.

The DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) principle is about reducing code repetition by extracting common code and reusing it.

A class is a template for objects, defining attributes and methods that can be inherited by objects.

An object is an instance of a class that can access its attributes and methods.

Attributes are variables, and methods are functions that belong to a class.

Encapsulation is the process of wrapping data and functions together in a single unit and hiding the details from outside access.

Abstraction is the concept of displaying only essential information and hiding the background details or implementation.

Polymorphism is the ability of a function or operator to have multiple forms, such as function overloading and operator overloading.

Operator overloading is the process of making an operator behave differently based on the type or number of operands.

Function overloading allows multiple functions to have the same name but with different parameters.

Inheritance is the capability of one class (subclass) to derive properties and behaviors from another class (superclass).

Inheritance supports reusability, allowing new classes to reuse code from existing classes.

Access specifiers (public, private, protected) define the visibility of class members from outside the class.

An example of abstraction is using header files like math.h, where functions like pow() are used without knowing their internal algorithm.

A constructor is used to initialize the variables of a class when an object is created.