Pysch test 4

daydreaming
sleep
REM sleep
Dreaming

Occurs when bored or worrying
fantasies - positive daydreams
worries - negative daydreams
higher IQ correlation
substitute for reality

average amount of sleep - 8 hours
how much do we need - dependent on person
sleep stages - stage 1, 2 and 3, 4, and REM sleep

close to wakefulness, relaxation (alpha waves), deep relaxation
EEG used to measure brain waves

automatic functions slow down (breathing, heart rate, digestive)

How you want to sleep
slows down aging process of cell regeneration

memory correlation
alcohol inhibition
muscles are paralyzed
25% of nights sleep/ babies 50% (babies have many new experiences
consolidation possibility
90 min to go through sleep cycle
between stages 1-2
stage order: 1-2-3-4-3-2-rem-1

Freuds role mirror to unconcscious
Manifest content - whats in a dream
Latent content - hidden meaning of dream
substitution for reality

men - lack emotion, with someone they don't know
women - emotion, with someone they know

up to 20 minutes
younger children - shorter
adults - more complex story lines

insomnia
sleep apnea
Narcolepsy
Sleep walking
Sleep terror disorder

difficulty falling/staying asleep
criteria - poor sleep for 1 month, cause marked distress at wakefulness
effects 40% of population at least once in lifetime
causes - stress, varied bed times, swing shifts
characteristics - become alert at bedtime, can sleep during day or when need to be awake
ways to combat - keep regular bedtime, dont eat before bed, use room only for sleep, bedtime routine

trouble breathing during sleep
correlates - overweight, loud snoring

fall asleep at any time
hereditary, due to defect in nervous system
occurs when emotional excitement
lasts about 20 min
treated with drugs

must do an action that can cause a problem to be diagnosed
normal for people to sleep walk
must interfere with functioning
during stage 3 or 4
person isn't dreaming
last a few minutes to half an hour
difficult to awaken/don't awaken why? - send into shock

must be chronic, happens regularly
wake up in cold sweats/often screaming

intense state of relaxation/suggestion
inhibition is reduced, similar to being drunk
ability to hypnotize varies (small children are easy, don't want to be = wont do, try to hard, 10% can't)
clue to hypnotizability - ability to focus

dreaming is influenced by the consolidation of memory during sleep
memories are recovered during sleep to be consolidated (put together)
babies do this more because they have more new experiences
associated with REM (consolidation of implicit memories)

highly suggestible
only do what want to
Dissocociation (Ernest Hilgard) - when in hypnotic trance, there is the hypnotized part and the conscious observer
Post hypnotic suggestion - implnted usgggestion that takes place after the trance

pain reduction
hemophilia
bad habits
memory
sports
criminal investigations

Tolerance - need more to get effect
Dependency: psych - you think you need it to function, physical - body craves drug
Opponent Process Theory - whatever the effects of the drug arem the withdrawal symptoms are the opposite
Drug abuse - if interfering with work and life then its abuse

Alcohol
Benzos
Opiates

13% of population in U.S. is alcoholic, 40% of alcoholics die before 65
why use? - for fun, inhibitions decrease, escape life
Effects - block pain, lower inhibitions, impairs memory, vitamin deficiences, liver damage
Karkakoff Syndrome - alcohol induced psychosis
Increased aggression? - no, aggression was already there, alcohol let it come out.
Women get drunk faster and for longer bc they lack an enzyme that men have that breaks down alcohol
why alcoholism? - genetics, learning theory, escape

used to treat anxiety/sleep problems
valium, xanex, ativan, klonopin

derived from poppy/ reproduction of chemical structure
Morphine - derived from opium (same effects), used to treat pain
Heroin - created to treat Morphine addiction/derived from morphine
1) intense tolereance; therefor, addiction
2) horrible withdrawal effects (vomiting, cramps, cold flesh, insomnia, diarrhea)
3) worst drug to take in regards to addiction

Caffeine
Nicotene
Amphetamines
Crystal Meth
Cocaine
Ecstasy

Caffeine - naturally in coffee and chocolate (most widely used)
increased energy/alertness
high dose - anxiety, headaches

phys effect - alertness, psych effect - relaxation
paradoxical effect - nicotene is a stimulant but the action of smoking is relaxing
extreme withdrawal symptoms - irritability, insomnia, headaches

Common uses - dieitng, aasthma, staying awake
higher doses - psychotic symptoms, aggression

Method of Ingestiosn - snorted, smoked, injected
Why? - Euphoria, heightened sexual responsiveness
can cause convulsions, heart attack respiratory chutdown, psychossis
Physical and Psychological dependence

use in early south america
Freud was on cocaine
immediate addiction
severe crashes after using
dopamine connection
too much = heart failure, other cardiovascular problems

Method of ingestion - tablet, snorted, injected
why? - euphoria, sense of acceptance, empathy, emotional warmth
Can cause intense body temp spike, depression, anxiety problems, memory problems

effects - no withdrawal, good vs. bad trips (mood dependent)
Naturally occuring - mushrooms (psilocybin), peyote (mescaline) found in cactuses
Synthetically produced
LSD (40s-60s), may remain in spinal fluid for years (permanent psychosis)
Ketamine (special K)
injected, put into drinks
why? -out of body sensation
side effects - unintended psychosis, k-holes (paranoid, trapped out of body), psychological dependency

active ingredient - THC
most widely used after alcohol
17% of high school students use on regular basis
effects - relaxation, helps with pain
mood dependent, senses become more acute
concentration/memory problems
respiratory problems
starter drug