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Light and Optics Part 2

58 flashcardsby kool
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1
Diffraction
when a wave encounter a barrier of some form, a part of the wave can be blocked while th epart that continues on will sow signs of diffraction -- where the wave will spread into the area behind the blocked out area
2
the more narrow the slit, the more/less the waves bends
more
3
the less narrow the slit, the more/less the waves bends
less
4
effects of diffraction
+ effects depend on the wavelength of the ave compared to the object
+ shadows not sharp
+ functional limit on magnification
+ waves bend around obstructions
5
huygen's principal
Predicts the future position of a wave when its earlier position is known. Every point on a wave front can be considered as a source of tiny wavelets that spread out in the forward direction at the speed of the wave itself. the new wave front is the envelope of all the wavelets -- that is tangent to them
6
on a single slit graph, how much % is m=1 per intensity
5%
7
on a single slit graph, how much % is m=2 per intensity
2%
8
on a single slit graph, how much % is m=3 per intensity
1%
9
When a single slit graph line touches zero, the light is
dark spot
10
how far apart do wavelenths have to be to create a constructive interfecrenece
one whole wavelength
11
how far apart do wavelenths have to be to create a destructive interfecrenece
half a wavelength
12
equation to find the agle between the first dark fringe and the center of the central maziman
theta = mY/ b
13
what is m
maxima
14
When finding the angle (theta = my/ b), is it in radians or degrees
radians
15
what is b
width of the opening of the slit
16
how does slit size affects brightness
bigger slit = brighter; smaller slit = dimmer
17
red has largest/smallest wavelength and largest/smallest freq
largest wavelength, smallest freq
18
blue has largest/smallest wavelength and largest/smallest freq
smallest y , largest freq
19
The closer two slits are, the closer/farther the fringes are
farther
20
waves not only turn ____, but also ____
corners; interfere
21
In terms of wavelength, where is the dark spots on the graph
y / b, 2y / b, 3y / b, etc
22
In terms of wavelength, where is the brights spots on the graph
y, 2y, 3y, 4y
23
what is b
width of the opening of the slit
24
how does slit width affect intensity
bigger slit width = more intensity, vice versa
25
what color diffracts the most
red
26
what color diffracts the least
blue
27
Compare and contrast the appearance of a single slit diffraction pattern formed by alser light to that formed by white light
both have bright central max
+ both has nodal zones
+ white light central is wider than secondary
+ red difracts the most
28
what makes a double slit graph different from signle slit
the single slit graph becomes the "single slit envelope" (in form of gots) while individual and more narrow hits are graphed undereneath
29
what type of interesence is it when the path length difference is half a wavelength
destructive
30
what type of interesence is it when the path length difference is a whole wavelength
constructive
31
path length difference
difference between the two distances traveled by the wave to hit the screen
32
D
distance from the screen to slits
33
d
distance between centers of slits
34
n
order of intereference
35
S
path length difference
36
equation for path length difference
S = sin(theta)*d and S = n*wavelength
37
eq to find S for destructive intereference
(n+0.5)y = dsin(theta)
38
eq to find S for constructive intereference
ny=dsin(theta)
39
when can you only use the "ny=dsin(theta)
double slits
40
equation for right triangle for single slit
theta = y / b
41
the distance between two maxima equation
(wavelength*D)/d
42
the distance between two minima equation
(wavelength*D)/2d
43
the more slits the narrower/wider the maxima (the width of the maxima not the position)
narrow
44
when does missing maxima occurs
when an interference maximum and didfratciton minimum ar elocated together
45
EQ TO determine the intensity of a slit
I(N) = N^2 * I(1)
46
on the graph, what does a missing maxima looks like
when amount of hill for double slits down to where it stop because it cannot go higher than the minima of the single slit graph
47
in terms of N, how to calc d
d= 1/N
48
N
number of lines given on the diffraction grating
49
rayleign criterion
two distinct sources are said to be JUST RESOLVED if the first minmum of the diffraction pattern of one source coincides with the central maximum of the diffraction pattern of the second source
50
reolvance
the abilty of.a grating to resolve two wavelength as DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER
51
Resolvance =
(average wavelength / smallest wavelength difference ) or mN
52
how are thin film interference creaeed
phase differences; one wave goes in, but two waves gets reflected out
53
in thin films, how is a wave changed or unchanged
+ reflection
+ the wavelength travels a greater distance
54
light interts...
if it goes from low to high index
55
light does not invert if it...
goes from high to low index
56
constructive interference in thin film eq
2dn = (m+0.5)y
57
destructive interference in thin film eq
2dn=my
58
in thin films d =
thickness of the thin film
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