1What phylum are Ctenophores from?
Phylum Ctenophora
2What phylum are named for the 8 rows of comb plates used for locomotion?
Ctenophora, comb plates are called (ctenes).
3What causes light to be emitted from the Ctenophora?
Diffraction causes colorful light propogation (its NOT bioluminescence).
4What phylum are Cnidarians from?
Phylum Cnidaria
5How many germ layers do Cnidarians and Ctenophores have? What is this called.
2 germ layers, endoderm and ectoderm. Diploblastic.
6Describe the Cnidarian body form
Radially symmetry, Polyp or Medusa.
7What is Polyp?
Sessile, typically benthic, mouth facing upward.
8What is Medusa?
Vagile, Planktonic, mouth facing downward.
9What is the pseudomesoderm layer found in the cnidarian body form?
Gelatinous mesoglea
10What are the 2 germ layers of the Cnidarian body form?
Outer epidermis, ectoderm derived. Inner gastrodermis, endoderm derived.
11What does Cnidarian epidermis contain?
Epitheliomuscular cells, nerve and neurosensory cells, and cnidocytes.
12Describe Cnidocytes. What is the most common cnida? What is it used for?
Cells with specialized organelles called cnidae, nematocyst, injects toxins into prey.
13What kind of digestive system do cnidarian's have? Describe it.
Incomplete, The gastrodermis lines a gastrovascular cavity thats open only at one end.
14Explain the Cnidarian nervous system and where its located.
2 widespread nerve nets, one net each under epidermis and gastrodermis.
15Explain the sensory structures found in Cnidaria...
Rhopalium found in the cnidarians. Contains statocyst (equilibriumalance) and ocelli (light sensitive structures).
16What is the purpose of the velum in the medusa? Where is it found?
Increases propulsive water flow. Under the bell.
17What phylum and class are medusae?
Cnidaria, class hydrozoa.
18What does colonial mean?
Asexual polyps and free swimming sexual medusae in a population.
19Name an example of a colonial medusae.
Portoguese man of war, Physalia physalis
20Name the classes from phylum Cnidaria discussed in class...
Schyphozoa, Hydrozoa, Anthozoa
21Describe class Scyphozoa
Medusa is the dominant stage and lacks a velum, manubrium forms 4 oral arms.
22What is the polyp named for scyphozoa?
Scyphistoma and advanced polyps are called strobila.
23Describe the class Anthozoa...
Corals and anemones, Polyp form only, contains a subclass named Hexacoraliia.
24Describe sea anemones anatomy...
Have 6 pairs of complete septa that subdivide the pharynx and gastrovascular cavity. Contains siphonoglyph to improve exchange.
25How do sea anemones improve exchange with their environment?
Ciliated siphonoglyph creates water current to improve exchange.
26How do sea anemones perform water flow and ingestion?
Septal perforations aid water flow, Retractor muscles aid ingestion.
27What are the 2 orders of the subclass Hexacorallia...
Scleractinia and Actiniaria
28Class Hydrozoa life cycle:
Zygote, Blastula, Free swimming planula larvae, Polyp, Obelia colony, Medusae
29What 2 orders can be found in the subclass Hexacorallia? Example of each?
Actiniaria and Scleratinia, Sea anemones and Stony corals.
30What is the order scleractinia also known as?
Reef builders or stony corals
31Class Scyphozoa life cycle:
Zygote, Cilliated planula larvae, Scyphistoma, Early strobila, Strobila, Ephyra, Medusae.
32What lives inside of the stony corals?
Zooxanthellae live inside the gastrodermal cells and provide nutrients via photosynthesis.