Music History and Appreciation

pleasing to the ear, the notes go well together

notes don't go well together and doesn't sound pleasing

notes being played at the same time

musical ladder

notes being played one by one (most memorable part of the song)

notes being played in the same time (like a chord)

Beats come in 2 or 3

2 beats (most western songs)

3 beats (mostly in classical music)

Presto
Allegro
Andante
Adagio
Largo

600 A.D. - 1450

1450-1600

1600-1750

1750-1820

religious music

non-religious music

Acappella
The instruments were menoy voices in unison, there was no influence of women at all in music.

Latin

Music was in slow tempo and consonant.
There was no meter
Music served for church and never entertainment
Instruments were banned in the performance of sacred music.
Even though there was no meter invented yet in the Middle Ages, there are music pieces that have a meter.

Only melody, no harmony

Gothic period
The music had polyphony (a melody and harmony)
Most of the melisma was sung in vowels
Melisma was still widely used
Lots of dissonant
The laws of polyphony was not establish so many of the notes clash and there is lots of errors
Counterpoint means points against points, notes against notes, what notes go with each other and what others don't
Then it changed

singing many notes in one syllable

Léonin
Pérotin
Machaut

Dunstable
Josquin des Prez
Palentencia
Monteverdi
Marenzio
Morley

Music became more consonant
Harmony was introduced and music notes complimented each other
Women also joined the world of music, there are bigger ranges now for different people and they became more clearer, more room between voices

people singing the same thing in at the same time but in different notes

Type of secular song
Poem set to music
Polyphonic: always 5 voices
Male/female
Italian

notes being separated between each other

the end of a melody, separates melodies

both white and black notes are being played in the scale

same notes and music but different lyrics every round

Charpentier
J.S. Bach
Vivaldi

There was an even number of both secular and sacred music
Music had more drama
Baroque music is rational (easy to understand and analyze)
Big use of cadence

Showing off

piece for the orchestra that features a soloist

1) Allegro
2) Adagio
3) Allegro

repeating something but in a different pitch level

piece for the orchestra that features many soloists

stage performance but everything is sung, not spoken

Orpheus by Monteverdi

1) Overture
2) Recitative
3) Aria
4) Ensemble
5) Chorus

Castrati

An instrumental followed by a vocal section by another instrumental then another voice and then da capo which then restarts back to the beginning

Cantata and Opera

Simple
Tuneful
Symmetry
Singable
Balanced
There is a decrease of dissonance in the period
Many centuries, Italy was the center of music and then throughout the years it started to shift away into other countries like Germany
Themes and variations showed the inventiveness of the composer

The first part of the melody divided into two equal halves

Mozart - 1756-1791
Beethoven - 1770-1827
Haydn
Salieri

Melody

The Marriage of Figaro (and Susama) (1783), Don Giovanni, The Magic Flute, Droit du Seigneur

An extended piece for an orchestra that is divided in 4 pieces

Fast (Allegro)
Slow (don't remember this)
Neither (Minuet) (don't remember this)
Fast (Allegro)

You have melody A then B then A then C then A then D then A.. etc...
You always go back to melody A

piece for one or two instruments

Exposition, development, recapitulation, coda

When the main materials of the song are exposed
There are two melodies (themes)
Themes 1 and 2 have to different in character

the process of changing key, changing scales

Most free section of the whole movement
But has to be based on the exposition
Can't add new melodies

The same as the exposition but there is no modulation between theme 1 and 2
Are in the same key (scale)

Assertive, loud, bombastic way to end the movement