13 types of helminths
nematode, cestode, trematode
2cestode and trematodes are classified as:
Platyhelminths (flatworms)
3endoparasitic multicellular eukaryotes
helminths
4elongated, cylindrical and unsegmented worms (_____)worms)
roundworms
5Tape-like, segmented worms (____worms)
tapeworms
6Leaf-like, unsegmented worms (______)
flukes
7(-) head and suckes, have teeth ,lips and dentary plates
nematode
8(+) scukers , some hace attached hooks
cestode
9(+) suckers, (-) hooks
trematode
10seperate sexes (diecious)
Nematode
11not separate sexes, hermaphrodite (monoecious)
Cestode
12not separate sexes, hermaphrodite except schistosoma
trematode
13body cavity is present (known as PSEUDOCELE), VISCERA is suspended in it
Nematode
14Body cavity is absent but inside is filled with spongy undifferientiated meshenchymatous cells, in the midst of which lie the viscera
platyhelminths
152 types of nematodes
intestinal and blood tissue
16Causative agent of giant intestinal roundworm
Ascaris lumbricoides
17Ascaris lumbricoides MOT:
Fecal-oral route
18Ascaris lumbricoides presentations (2)
Ascariasis, ascaris pneumonitis
19malnutrition, weightloss, eosinophilia and GI (N&V diarrhea) are symptoms of what presentation?
ascariasis
20increased number of larvae passing the lungs, (dyspnea, coughing and hemoptysis) are symptoms of what presentation?
ascaris pneumonitis
21treatment for ascaris lumbricoides
albendazole
22Manifestation of Pinworm
Enterobius vermicularis
23Enterobius vermicularis MOT
fecal-oral route, inhalational
24Entorobius vermicularis diagnosis
scotch tape swab
25Entorobius vermicularis presentations
enterobiasis
26Enterobiasis symptoms
GI (n&v), nocturnal prunis ani
27Enterobiasis treatment
pyrantel pamoate
28whip wrom causative agent
Trichuris trichiura
29Tricuris trichiura MOT
fecal-oral route
30Tricuris trichiura presentation
Trichuriasis
31Trichuriasis symptoms
GI (n&v)
32Trichuriasis treatment
Mebendazole
33causative agent of old world hookworm
Anclystoma duodenale
34causative agent of new world hookworm
Necator americanus
35old world hookworm & new world hookworm MOT
walking barefoot on contaminated soil
36old world hookworm & new world hookworm presentation
cutaneous larva migrans, Iron defficiency anemia, pneumonitis
37cutaneous larva migrans treatment
self limiting (larva dies in 5-6 weeks) & albendazole
38pneumonitis treatment
Albendazole
39causative agent of Threadworm
Strongyloides stercoralis
40Strongyloides stercoralis MOT
Skin penetration
41Strongyloides stercoralis presentations (3)
GI Symptoms, larva currens, pneumonitis
42Strongyloides stercoralis treatment
Thiabendazole
43causative agent of pudoc worm
Capillaria philippinensis
44pudoc worm MOT
ingestion of fish (bagsit)
45Capillaria philippinensis presentation
Capillariasis
46Capillariasis symptoms
GI Symptoms
47Capillaria philippinensis treatment
Albendazole
48Nematodes under intestinal (7)
Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Anclystoma duodenale, Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis, Capillaria philippinensis
49Nematodes under tissue and blood (5)
Trichinella spiralis, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvolus, Loa-loa, Dranunculus medinensis
50manifestation of Muscle roundworm
Trichinella spiralis
51Trcichinella spiralis MOT
Ingestiom of larvae in pork meat
52Trichinella spiralis Diagnosis
Muscke biopsy
53Trichinella spiralis presentation
Trichinellosis/Trichinosis
54Trichinellosis/Trichinosis symptoms
GI symptoms, HA fever, chills, aching joints, muscle pains (when the worm travels to the muscles via the blood)
55Trichinellosis/Trichinosis treatment
Albendazole
56manifestation of Microfiliarial worms (2)
wuchereria abncrofti, brugia malayi (sea)
57wuchereria abncrofti, brugia malayi MOT
Vector-transmitted
58Pacific island
aedes aegypti
59rural areas
Anopheles mosquito
60urban areas
Culex mosquito
61wuchereria abncrofti, brugia malayi presentation
Filariasis/elephantiasis
62Filariasis/elephantiasis affected organs
legs, arms, breast, genitals
63Filariasis/elephantiasis symptoms
Enlarges lymph nodes; plunging of the lymohatic system
64Filariasis/elephantiasis treatment
DEC (diethylcarbamzine)
65Onchocerca volvolus presentation
Onchoceriasis
66Onchoceriasis MOT
vector-transmitted(black fly)
67Onchoceriasis symptoms
eye disease (river blindness), itchy skin rash, nodules under the skin
68Onchoceriasis treatment
Ivermectin
69Loiasis causative agent
Loa-loa
70Loiasis is also known as
eye filariasis
72Loiasis presentation
eye disease african eyeworm
74Guinea worm causative agent
Dranunculous medinensis
75Dranunculous medinensis MOT
drinking water containing small crustaceans infected with it s larvae
76Dranunculous medinensis presentation
Dranunculiasisuinea worm disease
77Dranunculiasisuinea worm disease symptoms
vesicle formation in subcutaenous tissue -> forms ulceration
78Dranunculiasisuinea worm disease treatment
stick therapy
79Dranunculiasisuinea worm disease adjunct
Metronidazole or thiabendazole (facilitates the extraction process)
80Benzimidamoles MOA
binds ro beta tubulin->inhibits microtubule polymerization
81benzimidazole agents
albendazole, thiabendazole, mebendazole
82albendazole DOC
roundworm infection, cysticercosis, hyatid disease
83mebendaszole DOC
whipworm infection
84Thiabendazole DOC
threadworm infection
85Pyrantel pamoate MOA
Neuromuscular blocking agent (paralysis)
86Pyrantel pamoate DOC
pinworm infection
87Piperazine MOA
blocker of Ach at NMJ (paralysis)
88Piperazine alternative agent for
Ascariasis
89diethylcarbamazine MOA
Sentisizes the microfilariae to phagocytosis (increased susceptibility to host defenses)
90diethylcarbamazine DOC
filariasis
91broadfish tape worm causative agent
Diphyllobothrium latum
92Diphyllobothrium latum MOT
ingestion of infected fish
93Diphyllobothrium latum presentation
Diphyllobothriasis
94Diphyllobothriasis symptoms
GI symptoms, Vit B12 Deffieiency
95Diphyllobothriasis treatment
praziquantel
96pork tapeworm causative agent
Taenia solium
97Taenia solium MOT
ingestion of infected pork
98Taenia solium presentation (2)
Taeniasis, Cysticercosis
99Taeniasis symptoms
Gi symptoms
100cysticercosis symptoms
larva cysts infecting. the brain,muscle, or other tissues
101cystircercosis when found in the brain
neurocysticercosis
102Taenia solium treatment (2)
Praziquantel, albendazole
103beef tapeworm causative agent
Taenia saginata
104Taenia saginata MOT
ingestion of infected beef
105Taenia saginata presentation
GI symptoms
106Taenia saginata treatment
Praziquantel
107Dwarf tapeworm causative agent
Hymenolepsis nana
108most common cause of all cestode infection
hymenolepsis nana
109rat tapeworm causative agent
hymenolepsis diminuta
110hymenolepsis diminuta\nana presentation
Hymenolepiasis
111Hymenolepiasis MOT
fecal-oral route
112Hymenolepiasis symptoms
GI symptoms
113Hymenolepiasis treatment
praziquantel
114hyatid worm
Echinococcus granulosus
115Echinococcus granulosus MOT
fecal-oral route
116Echinococcus granulosus presentation
echinococcosis/hyatid disease
117echinococcosis/hyatid disease symptoms for Liver
gi symptoms
118echinococcosis/hyatid disease symptoms for lungs
chronic sough, chest pain, SOB
119echinococcosis/hyatid disease treatment
praziquantel
120oriental liver fluke causative agent
Chlonorchis sinensis
121Chlonorchis sinensis MOT
Ingestion of raw fish
122Chlonorchis sinensis presentation
Chlonorchaisis
123Chlonorchaisis symptoms
GI symptoms
124Chlonorchaisis treatment
praziquantel
125Giant/sheep liver fluke causative agent
fasciola hepatica
126fasciola hepatica MOT
ingestion of raw watercress/other water plants
127fasciola hepatica presentation
fascioliasis
128fascioliasis symptoms
GI symptoms
129fascioliasis treatment (2)
praziquantel, bithionol
130oriental lung fluke causative agent
Paragonimus westermani
131Paragonimus westermani MOT
ingestion of crabs, crawfish
132Paragonimus westermani presentation
paragonimiasis
133paragonimiasis symptoms
GI symptoms-> drycoughh, rustylood colored sputum
134paragonimiasis treatment
praziquantel
135giant intestina fluke causative agent
Fasciolopsis buski
136Fasciolopsis buski MOT
ingestion
137Fasciolopsis buski presentation
Fasciolopsiasis
138Fasciolopsiasis symptoms
GI symptoms
139Fasciolopsiasis treatment
praziquantel
140Echinostoma ilocanum MOT
ingestion of snail (pia luzonica)-KUHOL
141Echinostoma ilocanum presentation
echinostomiasisarrison’s flu
142echinostomiasisarrison’s flu symptoms
GI symptoms
143echinostomiasisarrison’s flu treatment
praziquantel
144schistosoma spp. (3)
schistosoma japonicum, schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma haematobium
145schistosoma spp MOT
Skin penetration from ingested water
146schistoma spp presentation
schistosomiasis
147schistosomiasis also known as
Swimmer’s itch/cercarial dermatitis, KATAYAMA fever/acute schistosomiasis, and chronic schistosomiasis
148KATAYAMA fever/acute schistosomiasis symptoms
fever, GI symptoms, liver enlargement
149chronic schistosomiasis symptoms S. japonicum, s. mansoni
liver fibrosis/cirrhosis
150chronic schistosomiasis symptoms s. hemtobium
urinary bladder cancer
151schistosomiasis treatment
praziquantel
152Praziquantel moa
increases membrane permeability to calcium (paralysis)
153praziquantel DOC
tapeworm and fluke infections
154niclosamide MOA
prevents formation of ATP; stimulation of ATPase activity
155niclosamide is an alternative agent for
tapeqorm and fluke infections
156metrifonate MOA
inhibitor of achE->spastic paralysis in worms
157metrifonate alternative agent for
s. hematobium
158oxamniquine moa
unknown
159oxamiquin alternative agent for
s. mansoni
160Pediculus humanus also known as
kuto
161Pediculus humanus MOT
direct contact (shared hats,caps,combs,pillows)
162head lice survival off the scalp
55 hours
163Pediculus humanus presentation
pediculosis
164pediculosis symptoms
pruritis from the lesions caused by the louse’s bite
165pediculosis treatment
1% permethrin (pudiculicidal, ovicidal)
166pediculus humanus ‘capitis’ site
scalp
167pthirus pubis site
pubic hair
168pediculus humanus humanus site
body(torso)
169Galis aso causitive agent
Sarcoptes scabiei
170Sarcoptes scabiei MOT
prolonged skin to skin contact
171sarcopted scabiei presentation
Scabies
172scabies symptoms
severe pruritus, burrows (tracks of the mites seen on the skin)
173scabies treatment
5% permethrin