1What were the activities of the League of German Maidens (BDM) for girls
The BDM for girls involved political activities like rallies and oaths of allegiance, as well as physical and character-building activities such as camping and marching, but without military training
2
How did the Nazis expect teachers to behave in schools
The Nazis expected teachers to teach students to do the Nazi salute, start and end each lesson with 'Heil Hitler', decorate classrooms with Nazi posters and flags, and promote Nazi ideology in the curriculum and major political speeches
3
What were the new types of schools set up by Bernhard Rust in 1933
Bernhard Rust set up three Napolas, which were boarding schools intended to train the future leaders of Germany, and by 1939, there were 16 Napolas
4
Describe the role of the Nazi Teachers’ League in shaping the education system
The Nazi Teachers’ League ran political education courses for teachers, setting out the Nazi ideas which teachers should support, and by 1939, over 200,000 teachers had attended the courses
5
How did the Nazis use schools to promote their ideology
The Nazis used schools to promote their ideology by teaching racial superiority, emphasizing physical education for creating strong workers and soldiers, differentiating the curriculum for boys and girls, and promoting Nazi ideology in history books and major political speeches
6
Define the Nazi control of the curriculum in schools
The Nazis controlled the curriculum by adding new subjects like Race Studies, doubling the time for PE and sport, differentiating the curriculum for boys and girls, approving new textbooks, and promoting Nazi ideology in history books
7
What were Napolas and how were students selected for them
Napolas were boarding schools intended to train future leaders of Germany
8 Students were selected based on examinations, sports, and examinations by doctors, with an emphasis on intelligence, competitiveness, aggression, and racial purity
9
Describe the requirements imposed on teachers by the Nazi regime
Teachers had to swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler, join the Nazi Teachers’ League, attend political education courses, and teach students to do the Nazi salute
10
Do you think the activities and training in the Hitler Youth and BDM were gender-neutral? Why or why not
No, the activities and training in the Hitler Youth and BDM were not gender-neutral, as boys were trained for military activities while girls were prepared for domestic roles and taught about 'racial hygiene' and the importance of marrying Aryan men
11
How did the Nazis control the education of young Germans after Hitler came to power
The Nazis controlled the education of young Germans by passing laws to control teachers, sacking those they didn't approve of, and reshaping the school system to align with Nazi ideology
12
Define the concept of 'racial hygiene' as taught to girls in the BDM
Girls in the BDM were taught the importance of 'racial hygiene,' emphasizing the idea of keeping the German race 'pure' by marrying Aryan men and maintaining the superiority of the Aryan race
13
Describe the aims of Nazi policies towards the young
The aims of Nazi policies towards the young were to create supporters of the Nazi Party who believed in Nazi policies, to raise proud Germans who supported a strong, independent Germany, and to bring up boys to be strong and healthy for productive work and military service, and girls to be strong wives and healthy, fertile mothers
14
Describe the physical and character-building activities for boys in the Hitler Youth
Boys in the Hitler Youth were subjected to activities such as camping, marching, and military training, aimed at toughening them up and building their obedience
15
Do you think the activities of the Hitler Youth were primarily focused on physical fitness or political indoctrination
The activities of the Hitler Youth were focused on both physical fitness, through camping, hiking, and sports competitions, as well as political indoctrination, through loyalty oaths, political lessons, and reporting disloyalty to the Nazis
16
Describe the military training provided to members of the Hitler Youth
Members of the Hitler Youth received military training in skills such as map-reading, signalling, and small-arms shooting, with specialist divisions for naval, motor, gliding, and flying training
17
How did the Hitler Youth contribute to the Nazi Party's goals
The Hitler Youth was used to build a constant supply of Nazi Party supporters by providing political and military training, as well as character molding activities
18
Define the primary focus of the Hitler Youth
The primary focus of the Hitler Youth was political, with members required to swear loyalty to the Fuhrer, attend residential courses on Nazi ideas, and report disloyalty to the Nazis
19
Describe the structure of Nazi youth groups boys
The Nazi youth groups boys were segregated into different age groups, including the Pimpfe for 6 to 10-year-olds, the Deutsche Jungvolk for 10 to 14-year-olds, and the Hitler Jugend for 14 to 18-year-olds
20
Describe the scale of Nazi youth groups in 1932 and the changes that occurred after 1933
In 1932, there were various youth groups in Germany, with the Nazi Party youth groups being relatively small
21 However, after 1933, Hitler banned almost all youth groups except for Nazi groups, and from the mid-1930s, increasing pressure was put on young people to join Nazi youth groups, including taking over sports facilities for membership
22
What were the effects of Hitler's policies on youth groups in Germany
Hitler's policies led to the banning of almost all youth groups apart from Nazi groups, and increasing pressure on young people to join Nazi youth groups
23 This included taking over sports facilities, making membership in the Hitler Youth a requirement for access
24
How did the Nazis view the roles of boys and girls in German society
The Nazis believed that boys and girls were equal but different, with different strengths to offer Germany
25 They had different policies and aims for boys and girls, focusing on their respective roles in society
26
Define the Nazi youth movement
The Nazi youth movement refers to the organized efforts by the Nazi Party to establish and control youth groups, with the aim of indoctrinating young people with Nazi ideology and securing the future of the Nazi regime