Property Survey Lesson 1.1 & 1.2

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1
A map made from a cadastral survey showing all land parcels and important natural and man-made features within a municipality or project.
Cadastral Map (CM)
2
A set of records about land parcels containing spatial reference and information on area, ownership or claims, value, and use, primarily for taxation.
Cadastre
3
A DENR office responsible for implementing DENR programs and enforcing environmental and natural resources laws at the community level.
Community Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO)
4
A document that evidences ownership of real property and is required to transfer property from one person to another.
Deed of Conveyance
5
A survey that establishes permanent forestland and protected-area boundaries through actual ground survey.
Delimitation Survey
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An encumbrance imposed upon an immovable property for the benefit of another immovable property belonging to a different owner.
Easement or Servitude
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A natural person with professional surveying expertise who is issued a Certificate of Registration and ID by the PRC Board of Geodetic Engineering under RA 8560, as amended.
Geodetic Engineer (GE)
8
A generic term for satellite navigation systems that provide autonomous geospatial positioning with global coverage.
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
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The official recording of land ownership based on legal documents submitted to the Register of Deeds where the land is located.
Land Registration
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The right or document by which a person asserts control over a property.
Land Title
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A description of a land parcel using boundary directions and distances, together with adjacent owners, lot numbers, and relevant natural or man-made features.
Metes and Bounds
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A concrete object permanently set in the ground to mark a point or boundary corner.
Monument
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Deeds and other documentary evidence of title or ownership to land.
Muniments of Titles
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A government-issued document through the Register of Deeds certifying that a named person is the registered owner of a described property, subject to restrictions, conditions, and encumbrances.
OCT/TCT
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A document recording the boundary adjudication agreement of concerned claimants or owners, prepared with the GE, Barangay official, and adjudicator.
Parcel Information Sheets (PIS)
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State-owned property that is not intended for public use, public service, or the development of national wealth.
Patrimonial Property
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A map where lots subject to verification or approval are plotted to determine overlaps with previously approved plans.
Projection Map
18
The national common coordinate reference system for surveys and maps.
Philippine Reference System of 1992 (PRS92)
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Projects involving the filling of submerged land duly approved by the Philippine Reclamation Authority.
Reclamation Projects
20
A point appropriately marked on the ground with an established horizontal and vertical position.
Reference Point
21
The act or process of entering a public register one’s right, title, or interest to real property.
Registration
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The Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).
Secretary
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A two-dimensional map showing the metes and bounds of surveyed parcels and other pertinent information.
Survey Plan
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The collective documents submitted by a Geodetic Engineer as a result of a survey and other required documents.
Survey Returns
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A property record maintained by provincial, city, or municipal assessors showing market and assessed values and the basis for real property tax.
Tax Declaration/Declaration of Real Property
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A number exclusively assigned to a land parcel based on its physical spatial position on the Land Information Map.
Unique Parcel Identifier (UPI)
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What is the formula for UPI?
UPI = LIM Number + Parcel Number
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Anything that is or may be the object of appropriation.
Property
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The taking of something that belongs to or is associated with somebody else, especially without permission.
Appropriation
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How is property classified according to its nature?
Real property and personal property.
31
Land or any estate in land, generally including whatever is built or growing upon it; essentially, something immovable.
Real Property
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All property other than real property; generally, movable property.
Personal Property
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How is property classified according to ownership?
Public dominion and Private Ownership.
34
Property intended for public use, such as roads, streets, canals, rivers, ports, and bridges constructed by the State.
Public Dominion
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Property belonging to private persons, either individually or collectively.
Private Ownership
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The independent right of exclusive enjoyment and control of a thing for the owner's reasonable needs and the promotion of general welfare, subject to laws and the rights of others.
Ownership
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The holding of a thing or enjoyment of a right through material occupation or by subjecting it to one's will.
Possession
38
What is the main purpose of land surveys?
To lay out or measure the lengths and directions of lines forming the boundaries of real or landed property.
39
What are the three main purposes of property surveys?
Obtain data for legal descriptions and area determination; reestablish previously surveyed boundaries; subdivide a tract into two or more units or sub-lots.
40
Why is a property survey important before purchasing land?
It can reveal potential property problems or stipulations before purchase and help prevent costly mistakes, such as building on someone else's land.
41
What are the six major phases of a typical land-survey procedure?
Location - Determination - Survey Proper - Establishment of the Boundary - Preparation of the Property Description - Survey Approval
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What is done during the Location phase?
Available legal documents proving ownership and describing boundaries are studied and interpreted.
43
What documents may be examined during the Location phase?
Certificates of title, deeds, conveyances, extra-judicial settlements, contracts, maps, wills, and other boundary-description documents.
44
Where are documents for the Location phase commonly obtained?
CENRO, DENR Regional Office/Land Management Bureau, Register of Deeds, or Land Registration Authority
45
What is done during the Determination phase?
The presumed true property description is determined and physical boundary evidence is identified in the field.
46
What is physical evidence of a boundary mainly composed of?
Monuments
47
What are the two types of monuments?
Natural and artificial monuments.
48
What are examples of natural monuments?
Rock, tree, and edge of a stream.
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What are examples of artificial monuments?
Pipe and concrete markers.
50
What type of boundary markers should not be used because they are perishable?
Wooden markers.
51
Why should perishable markers not be used as monuments?
Because they can easily decay or disappear, making them unreliable as permanent boundary evidence.
52
What is commonly conducted during the Survey Proper?
A close traverse of the lot, sideshoots to corners, and a close-loop traverse to nearby reference points.
53
What happens during the Establishment of the Boundary phase?
The best evidence is considered and corners or points that should have been marked but were not, or whose markers disappeared, are established.
54
What is prepared during the Property Description phase?
Maps, plans, or sketches containing the bearings and distances of the metes and bounds.
55
Where are survey outputs submitted for approval?
DENR LMS or LRA Manila.
56
What documents are included in survey returns?
Muniments of title, lot data computations, survey plans, proof of ownership, and other required documents.
57
What are approved survey returns used for?
They are used as the basis for the technical description of a title.
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