Cog Sci Mid Term 1

controls basic functions such as reflexes

Involved in basic regulatory behavior maintaining wakefulness

home to sensory processing, endocrine structures, and higher reasoning. Involved with sleep

body movement, speech, intelligence, decision making

language comprehension, learning memory

sensory info(touch, pain, pressure, vibrations, temperature) and spatial processing/ spatial manipulation(the ability to understand where you are)

visual processing and interpretation, visual data, facial and object recognition, depth and distance perception.

What stimuli and physiological mechanisms produce the behavior

measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

used to detect abnormalities in your brain waves

how the brain and its tissues are working

uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain to improve symptoms of depression

Implementational, algorithmic, computational

Signals sent from cells to target cells.

What are the adaptive problems that the behavior solves?

What information is being extracted? What is the input and the output? Can the output be inferred from the input?

**What is the problem to be solved?**

How does the system solve these problems? What steps does it take?

Intentional Stance, Design Stance, Physical Stance

How is this representation and algorithm be implemented physically?

treats an entity as though it has intentions. We treat it as though its rational who has beliefs and desires.

Treats the entity as though it has been designed a certain way. We then predict that the entity will behave as though it has been designed.

Treats the entity in terms of its physical composition along with information we know about the physics behind the composition.

The most precise stance for predicting behavior is the physical stance. The least precise stance for predicting behavior is the intentional stance

The intentional stance is the most computationally efficient for predicting behavior. The physical stance is the least computationally efficient for predicting behavior

Inheritance, Heritability, and Selection

Allows anything new being discovered will not be lost because it will be passed down to future generations.

this ensures that new things are being tried constantly.

This ensures that variations that help rather than hurt have consequences for the descendants of the first individual that carried that beneficial change.

Cheater detection module

- We can detect cheaters using logic

- alcohol experiment

- some people say that this provides evidence for a cheater detection module

Evolutionary Algorithms are used by scientists to solve problems by employing processes that mimic the behaviors of organisms.

They work by creating a simulation and then observing and understanding the data.

hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.

controls basic functions such as reflexes.

involved in basic regulatory behavior to maintain wakefulness

home to sensory processing, endocrine structures and higher reasoning. Involved with sleep as well.

Frontal Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe

body movement, speech intelligence decision making

language comprehension, speech comprehension, learning, memory

sensory info(pain, touch, pressure, vibration, temperature) spatial manipulation( ability to understand where you are) Cognitive mind map

visual processing and interpretation, visual data, facial and object recognition, depth and distance perception.

A neuron has three main parts. The cell body directs all activities of the neuron. Dendrites extend out from the cell body and receive messages from other nerve cells. An axon isa long single fiber that transmits messages from the cell body to the dendrites of other neurons or to other body tissues, such as muscles. A protective covering called the myelin sheath, covers most neurons. Myelin insulates the axon and helps nerve signals travel faster and farther.

job is to transmit signals from nerve cells to target cells.

inhibitory- GABA, Serotonin, Glycine, Taurine, Dopamine, Agmatine

excitatory- Glutamate, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, PEA, Histamine, Aspartic Acid, Dopamine, Glycine

excite the next cell into firing

inhibit the next cell from firing

Neuromodulators- is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. We have a lot of neurons

Skinner described a causal model that explains human behavior as a joint product of three levels of selection

the contingencies of survival involved in natural selection

the contingencies of reinforcement involved in the selection of individual behavior

contingencies of an evolving social environment

**: Reinforcing only the top (or bottom) range of a response to move the average response. Repeating this shapes the behavior. Similar to an evolutionary algorithm.

*: Reinforcing a behavior with a US while also classically conditioning its performance with some CS. Then removing the US and adding another behavior to be performed before receiving the US.

A reinforcer is any event that increases the rate of some behavioral response.

- positive reinforcement - presentation increases response.

- negative reinforcement - presentation decreasing response.

We do a lot of learning without reinforcement

- Tolman Mice

- Cognitive Maps Experiment

- Language

- Chomsky - there is not enough stimulus to train the brain to learn all of language

- Advancements in science has made the brain possible to study