III GOTHIC

The ________ became the defining feature of Gothic
architecture.
• Advantages
• Distributes weight more efficiently than the rounded
Romanesque arch.
• Reduces lateral thrust.
• Allows greater flexibility in height and width.
• Enables taller and lighter structures.

Pointed arches appear in:

The simplest shape is the long opening with a pointed arch known i england as the _________. __________ opening s are the often grouped, usually as a cluster of three or five.______openings may be very narrow adn steeply pointed._________arches are typically defined as two centered arches whose radii are larger than the archs span.

example of famous for the beauty and simplicity of its lancet gothic

what are the 4 lancet arches

Many gothic openings are based upon the ----------. ----------- gives a wide opening of satisfying proportion useful for doorways, decorative arcades and large windows.

------------- was employed as a useful tool, not as a principle of design

4 equilateral arch

One of them is drafted from four points, the upper part of each main arc turning upwards into a smaller arc and meeting at a sharp flame-like point

The style was much used in England for wall arcading and niches. appears as openwork screens on the exterior of buildings

four-centered arch is much wider than its height and gives the visual effect of having been flattened under pressure. Its structure is achieved by drafting two arcs which rise steeply from each springing point on a small radius and then turn into two arches with a wide radius and much lower springing point.

This type of arch, when employed as a window opening, lends itself to very wide spaces, provided it is adequately supported by many narrow vertical shafts. These are often further braced by horizontal transoms. The overall effect produces a grid-like appearance of regular, delicate, rectangular forms with an emphasis on the perpendicular. It is also employed as a wall decoration in which arcade and window openings form part of the whole decorative surface.

The style, known as Perpendicular, that evolved from this treatment is specific to England.

gothic arch

vault consists of intersecting stone ribs that form the framework of
the ceiling.
Advantages
• Concentrates structural loads on columns and piers.
• Reduces the amount of masonry required.
• Allows wider and taller interior spaces.
• Simplifies construction.
Compared with Romanesque barrel vaults, ribbed vaults are lighter and
more efficient

a surface framed by the ribs of a ribbed vault

A vault supported by or decorated with arched diagonal ribs. Also, ribbed vault.

A rib vault divided into four parts by intersecting diagonal ribs.

A rib vault divided into six compartments by two diagonal ribs and three transverse ribs.

Any of several archlike members supporting a vault at the groins, defining its distinct surfaces or dividing these surfaces into panels.

A rib spanning the longitudinal axis of a rib vault and dividing it into bays or compartments. Also called transverse rib.

A rib springing from a point of support on either side of the nave or transverse ribs of a rib vault. Also called intermediate rib.

A rib against a wall, parallel to the longitudinal axis of a rib vault. Also called arc formeret, wall rib.

The keystone at the crown of an arch or at the intersection of two or more vaulting ribs.

A horizontal rib marking the crown of a vaulting compartment.

A rib crossing a compartment of a rib vault on a diagonal. Also called diagonal rib, groin rib.

A rib crossing a compartment of a rib vault on a
diagonal.

An ornamental, knob-like projection at the intersection of
ogives.

A tertiary rib in a vault often for decorative rather than
structural purposes.

An adaptation of the standard intersecting barrel vault
using pointed arches to better manage weight distribution and height.

TYPES OF RIB AND PANEL VAULTING

gothic ribbed vault

an external support that
transfers the lateral thrust of the roof and vaults away
from the walls to exterior piers.

Without flying buttresses

With flying buttresses:

An inclined bar of masonry carried on a segmental arch and transmitting and outward and downward thrust from a roof or vault to a solid buttress that through its mass transforms the thrust into a vertical one. Also called arc-buotant

a subordinate vertical structure terminating in a pyramid or spire, used esp. in Gothic architecture toa dd weight to a buttress pier

the part of a pier that rises to take the thrust of a flying buttress

a sloping top on a buttress or projecting pier to shed rainwater

a projecting edge of a butress

a distinct, slender, vertical masonry feature engaged in a wall or pier supporting or feigning to support ana rch or a ribbed vault

flying buttress ccathedrals

One of the most recognizable features of Gothic churches.
Functions
• Admit natural light.
• Teach biblical stories to an illiterate population.
• Create a spiritual atmosphere.
• Demonstrate the wealth of patrons.
• The colorful light symbolized divine illumination.

A circular stained-glass window, usually placed above
the main entrance or in the transepts.
Symbolism
• Perfection.
• Eternity.
• The Virgin Mary.
• Divine order

rose stained glass wndow

Everything in a Gothic cathedral directs the eye upward.
Examples:
• Tall towers.
• Pointed spires.
• Slender columns.
• High vaults.
This verticality symbolized humanity's aspiration toward heaven.

Unlike the massive piers of Romanesque churches,
Gothic cathedrals used clustered columns that
efficiently carried loads while creating an impression
of lightness and elegance

add strength and stability to the structure
• Enables buildings to reach new heights
• make it look light

pointed pinnacles