PSYC273 Exam 1 Practice

Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field with overlap between areas of psychology, biology, chemistry, and others.

Behavior neuroscience is the study of the human brain (and only the human brain).

The space between the soma and the axon is known as the ___.

Without myelin, the action potential:

Most neurons produce ____ neurotransmitters.

Location in the cell where vesicles containing neurotransmittes are stored.

An action potential always moves from the ______ to the ______ of the neuron.

Location where the action potential "starts":

Location in the cell where voltage gated calcium channels are found.

Many important breakthroughs in neuroscience would not have been possible without the use of animals as research subjects. Which of the following is true of ehtics around animal research?

Which important historical contribution allowed researchers to see and study brain cells?

Eventually proven correct, Santiago Ramon y Cajal proposed the neuron doctrine, which suggested that brain cells _____?

Phrenology, although complete debunked, was important for neuroscience because it popularized ______.

In 1939, under Johnson's supervision, graduate student Mary Tudor conducted a stuttering experiment, using 22 children at an Iowa orphanage. Half received positive reinforcement. But the other half were ridiculed and criticized for their speech, whether or not they actually stuttered. This resulted in a worsening of speech issues for the children who were given negative feedback. This experiment violated what ethical principle of human subjects research?

________ outnumber neurons in the central nervous system, and provide many functions including nutrition, immune response, and structural support.

_______ is the phase of the action potential when the inside of the cell moves from positive charge to a negative one, mostly due to the movement of postassium ions.

_____ is the phase of the action potential when the inside of the cell becomes "extra" negatively charged, mostly due to the movement of potassium ions.

The message within a cell is _____, and the message sent between cells is ______.

The sodium potassium pumps

The sodium potassium pumps are important for

At rest the inside of the cell has _______ potassium ions than the outside of the cell.

Why does sodium enter the cell when the voltage gated sodium channels open?

Electrostatic pressure means that ________ charged ions will move towards the ________ charged extracellular space.

Which scenario would be most likely to lead to an action potential?

What neurotransmitter is produced in the neuron but stored in the extracellular fluid (outside the cell)?

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?

According to the classical definition, all neurotransmitters must:

Which of the following glia are found in the peripheral nervous sys

The right temporal lobe is ____ to the left temporal lobe.

Identify the missing step in the process of synaptic transmission:
1. Presynaptic cell depolarizes, voltage gated sodium channels open at the axon hillock.
2. Action potential reaches the axon temrinal.
3. ___________
4. Vesicles fuse to the membrane of the presynaptic cell and release neurotransmitter into the synapse.

The _____ is produced by ____ cells, and is helpful in protecting the brain and spinal cord from injury.

Pablo Picasso, Rembrandt, and Monet were all artists famous for their creativity, skill and artistic accomplishments. Based on their artistic abilities, we can conclude that each of the men were likely _______.

Broca, Fritsch & Hitzig, Flourens and others observed specific behavioral effects following damage or stimulatioon of particular brain areas, providing evidence for

Which of the following is an exmpale of a ligand?

The key difference between inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and excitatory postsynaptic potentials is the

Neurotransmitter A is broken down by Enzyme B. If we administer a drug that increases the amount of Enzyme B in the synapse, what effect would you expect to see?

Which of the following statements is correct?

Which statement is true, regarding caffeine metabolism?

The way a body ______ a drug can be affected by factors such as genetics, diet, and other drugs. y

Glutamate, GABA, and serotonin are all examples of _____ chemicals, while cocaine, nicotine, and caffeine are all ______I

Why will eating a bunch of amino acids will not necessarily increase neurotransmitter production?

If the concentration of sodium ions were the same both inside and outside the cell, the ______ pressure would be disrupted.

A demyelinating disorder, like multiple sclerosis, has what effect on the body?

______ is a neuroimaging tha tuses x-rays to view brain structures.

The "medical model" views addiction as what?

______ help to facilitate action potentials in the brain and spinal cord. tabotropic

After regularly consuming caffeine for years, Trisha Yearwood finds that a single cup of coffee only make sher feel more alert for a short period of time (when it used to affect her for hours). What aspect of the drug should she study to figure out why this is happening?

Metabotropic GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) are activated ____ and cause signaling ____ the cell.

Some drugs, like guarana and nicotine, slow the _______ of caffeine causing the effects to last longer in the body.

Two receptors may be attached to each other, and influence one another's activity, such as increased dopamine release as a result of alcohol binding to adenosine receptors. These are known as:

We can use information about a person's body weight and the amount of alcohol consumed over a set period of time to estimate blood alcohol content (BAC). What specific aspect of alcohol metabolism allows this?