Speciation and Evolution

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution that increases diversity of life, can occur with or without geographic separation

slow divergence as new species form, gradual changes into separate species

brief period of rapid changes as new species form, a sudden stable change

physical barrier that lead to speciation. EX: a bird gets caught in a storm and lands on a new island where it lays eggs

waterways, mountains, volcanoes, man made structures, deserts, canyons, islands

a bird gets caught in a storm and lands on a new island where it lays eggs, the isolated population diverges genetically due to natural selection and or generic drift

during allopatry biological reproductive barriers form that create separate species, the two diverged species will no longer share the same gene pool or flow, which means there will be no natural reproduction. EX: mosquito fish body shapes

From one original species of bird, multiple others evolved, each with its own distinctive characteristics.

speciation that occurs in the same geographical area, other factors create an isolated gene pool

these factors may lead to sympatric speciation (female choice)

two populations isolated by use of different resources (plants, animals, especially insects)

when new species form by duplications of entire genomes, this can happen from cell division error or by combining the chromosomes of 2 original species

gametes of polyploid individual not compatible with parent species gametes

polyploid of hybrid of 2 species ,