03: The Skeletal System

bone marrow.

two bones that form most of the upper jaw

opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

cells that break down old or damaged bone

rib

portion of skull that encloses brain. made up of 8 bones

bone located behind nasal bones. separates nasal cavity from brain

bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage

shaft of a long bone

jawbone- only moveable bone of the skull. attached via temporomandibular joint TMJ

forms the base for the nasal septum. Thin, flat, parallel with midsagittal plane

two bones that form part of the inferior of the nose. Both thin, flat, parallel with midsagittal plane- "scroll like". situated below nose but above teeth

socket within the skull that contains the eye, its nerves and its muscles

make up part of the orbit at the inner angle

two bones that form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose

cheekbones

three tiny bones in each middle ear- the malleus, incus and stapes

house the structures of the ears. form the lower sides and base of the cranium

forms the back part of the skull and the base of the cranium

large bones that form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

opening of the auditory canal into the temporal bone

external opening of a canal

wedge/ butterfly shaped bone that helps form base of the cranium. makes contact with all other cranial bones.

digestive and excretory systems, reproductive system

body movement

nervous, respiratory, and circulatory sytems

flows within synovial cavity, acts as lubricant to make smooth joint movement possible

lines synovial capsule and secretes synovial fluid

outermost layer of fibrous connective tissue that encloses an articulation

allow movement primarily in one direction or plane

allow a wide range of movements in many directions

joint that permits a variety of motions

example of a cartilaginous joint. allows only slight movement to facilitate childbirth

allow only slight movement (ribs, sternum). these bones are connected by cartilage

soft spots present on the skull of a newborn

dense, inflexible joints. also known as sutures

joints

projection on the surface of a bone, commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon

ends of long bones, proximal end closer to body, distal further away

fat storage area

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin and thrombocytes

tissue that lines the medullary cavity. end-oste-um

central cavity in shaft of long bones. surrounded by compact bone.

"cancellous bone", porous bone that is lighter and weaker.

"cortical bone", dense bone that forms protective outer layer of bones. makes up 75% of body's bone matter

tough fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

cells that help rebuild bone

process of a baby's cartilage and membranes turning into bones. repairs damage to skeletal system throughout life

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

curved, bent

lumbar, lower back

curve, swayback, bent

bent, hump

to bind, tie together

skull

crooked, bent, stiff

bursa. a fibrous sac that cushions areas subject to friction during movement

synovial membrane or synovial fluid. forms lining of synovial joints, secretes synovial fluid which lubricates to make smooth joint movements possible

ligaments. connect bone to bone

joints. work with muscles to make a variety of motions possible

cartilage. creates a smooth surface for motion within the joints and protects the ends of the bones

bones. act as framework, protect internal organs, store calcium

broken bone; described in terms of complexity

Bone does not break into two separate pieces (mostly in children)

simple fracture, complete fracture; no open wound in skin

compound fracture; open wound in skin

bone is splintered or crushed

torus fracture; when a bone bends and bulges outward without breaking

occurs at an angle across the bone

bone has been twisted apart; result of a severe twisting motion

ovcurs straight across, perpendicular to the shaft of the bone

one side of bone is broken, other side is only bent… bone only partially broken. more common in children because their bones are more flexible

small crack in bone that develops from chronic, excessive impact (common in athletes or runners)

bone weakened by osteoporosis or cancer breaks under normal strain

X-ray imaging; uses high frequency electromagnetic radiation

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope

done when abnormal red or white blood cell counts are found in a person

use if a syringe to withdraw tissue from the red bone marrow

magnetic resonance imaging; used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints

measures amount of mineral in bones; done to determine losses or changes in bone density

certain kinds of cancers like leukemia and lymphomas

stem cells come from bone marrow of a compatible donor or umbilical cord blood sourcing

the use of the patient’s own harvested bone marrow after cleansing and treatment

the use of either the patient’s own blood forming stem cells or from a donor’s blood forming stem cells

the repair of a damaged joint—resurfacing of bones, surgical placement of an artificial joint

the removal of a fragment of a disk that is compressing a nerve

Bone cement is injected to stabilize osteoporosis

decompression surgery—surgical removal of lamina (the back part of a vertebra that protects the spinal cord). relieves pressure on the spinal cord by enlarging spinal column

surgical removal of a portion of the skull; relieves intracranial pressure

surgical incision or opening into the skull to gain access to the brain

surgical cutting and reshaping of a bone

“manipulation”—non-surgical realignment of a fracture or joint dislocation

when a fracture is treated by the use of an external appliance

surgical procedure performed when closed reduction is not practical

“stabilization”—holding, suturing, or fastening bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast

prodecure in which a pulling force is exerted on a limb to return the bone or joint to normal alignment

a mechanical device used to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function. EX: a leg brace or splint

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part