Atomic Structure Exam Questions
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1
1. The first seven successive ionisation energies for element Z are shown
What is element Z?(1)
What is element Z?(1)
- Carbon
- Nitrogen
- Silicon
- Phosphorus
2
Which atom has one more proton and two more neutrons than P ram31, atomic number 15? (1)
- P ram33, atomic number 16
- P ram34, atomic number 16
- S ram 33, atomic number 16
- S ram 34, atomic number 16
3
Which statement about ToF mass spectrometry is correct? (1)
- The current in the detector is proportional to the ion abundance
- Sample particles gain electrons to form positive ions
- Particles are detected in the order of their kinetic energies
- Ions are accelerated by a magnetic field
4
Which of these has the highest first ionisation energy: Na, Al, Si or Cl (1)?
- Na
- Al
- Si
- Cl
5
The successive ionisation energies for element X are shown in the following graph
Which is element X? (1)
Which is element X? (1)
- Nitrogen
- Phosphorus
- Aluminium
- Boron
6
Deuce the formula of the ion that has a charge of 2+ with the same electron configuration as krypton (1)
7
Deduce the formula of the compound that contains 2+ ions and 3- ions that both have the same electron configuration as argon (1)
Ca3P2
8
The first ionisation energies of the elements in Period 2 change as the atomic number number increases
Explain the pattern in the first ionisation energies of the elements fork lithium to neon (6)
Explain the pattern in the first ionisation energies of the elements fork lithium to neon (6)
9
The first ionisation energies of the elements in Period 2 change as the atomic number increases
Explain the pattern in the first ionisation energies of the elements from lithium to neon (6)
Explain the pattern in the first ionisation energies of the elements from lithium to neon (6)
Stage 1: general trend (Li->Ne):
- 1st Ie increases
- More protons / increased nuclear charge
- Electrons in same energy level / shell
- No extra / similar shielding
- Stronger attraction between nucleus and OUTER e OR OUTER e closer to nucleus (ignore radius decreases)
Stage 2: Deviation Be -> B
- B lower than Be
- outer electron in (2)p
- higher in energy than (2)s*
**
Stage 3: Deviation N-> O
- O lower than N
- 2 electrons in (2)p need to pair
- pairing causes repulsion*
- 1st Ie increases
- More protons / increased nuclear charge
- Electrons in same energy level / shell
- No extra / similar shielding
- Stronger attraction between nucleus and OUTER e OR OUTER e closer to nucleus (ignore radius decreases)
Stage 2: Deviation Be -> B
- B lower than Be
- outer electron in (2)p
- higher in energy than (2)s*
**
Stage 3: Deviation N-> O
- O lower than N
- 2 electrons in (2)p need to pair
- pairing causes repulsion*
10
The sample of Chromium is analysed in a ToF mass spectrometer
Give two reasons why it is necessary to ionise the isotopes of chromium before they can be analysed in a ToF mass spectrometer (2)
Give two reasons why it is necessary to ionise the isotopes of chromium before they can be analysed in a ToF mass spectrometer (2)
- (ions will interact w/ and) be ACCELERATED (by an electric field)*
- ions create a current when hitting the detector OR ions create a current in the detector / electron multiplier*
- ions create a current when hitting the detector OR ions create a current in the detector / electron multiplier*
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