A+P 1 Quiz 4

Support, Protection, Movement, Hematopoiesis, and Mineral Storage.

There are bones around the brain (skull bones) that protect it from non-traumatic injury, as well as bones around the heart and lungs (thoracic cage) that protect them.

The process of creating red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC).

Red Bone Marrow (RBM) and Yellow Bone Marrow (YBM).

RBM creates blood cells. It is where hematopoiesis takes place.

YBM stores fat.

RBM can be found in the skull, thoracic cage, spine, and pelvis.

YBM can be found in the extremities; all of the bones that make up the arms, legs, hands, and feet.

25 years old.

An osteogenic cell is a stem cell. An osteogenic cell eventually develops into an osteoblast.

An osteoblast is a cell that forms bones (they lay down bone matrix and collagen fibers [osteoid tissue]). Osteoblasts will eventually develop into osteocytes.

An osteocyte is a mature bone cell.

An osteoclast is a cell that destroys bone. They break down bone in the process of bone remodeling, and they also release calcium.

The long bones.

The ends of the long bone.

The mid section of the long bone.

It is hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphysis of long bones.

The epiphyseal plate. The purpose was to facilitate growth of bones in childhood development.

In the mid section of the bone, the core in other words. (Also described as being located in the diaphysis.)

Osteons, bone lamellae, osteocytes, lacunae, canaliculi, central canals, and perforating canals.

A unit of compact bone.

The bone lamellae are concentric layers of compact bone. They creates a strong bone that is against bending or breaking.

This is where osteocytes live within the bone matrix.

They are little tunnels between the Lacunas, for the osteocytes to be able to communicate amongst themselves.

Blood vessles and nerves.

They are composed of weaved layers of trabeculae.

Osteocytes.

Red bone marrow and blood vessles.

The periosteum forms the outer surface of the bone.

The endosteum lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity.

It is growth in length.

It is growth in width.

The epiphyseal plate.

Reserve, proliferation, maturation/hypertrophy, and calcification.

Produces and maintains the cartilaginous matrix. Essentially produces cartilage.

Chondrocytes are dividing via mitosis.

Chondrocytes are expanding rapidly which makes the bone expand.

Chondrocytes die and osteoblasts replace them with a bony matrix.

To regulate the amount of calcium in the blood stream.

Parathyroid is the hormone released. Osteoclasts begin releasing more clacium into the blood stream.

Calcitonin is the hormone released. This hormone inhibits the osteoclasts from releasing calcium.

The thyroid glands.

Osteoporosis causes the compact bone to be less dense, which will manifest as brittle bones. The patient my often have fratures or breaks.

A hematoma forms, a callus is formed from cartilage, the cartilage of the callus is replaced by trabecular bone, remodeling occurs.

It is when bone develops from mesenchymal tissue (a type of embryonic connective tissue).

This forms the flat bones, which are bones of the skull pelvis, sternum. And it also forms the clavicles.

Mesenchymal Cells group into clusters -> Forms osteoblasts -> Creates ossification centers -> Osteoblasts make osteoid tissue -> Forms trabeculae and makes a woven pattern intertwined around blood vessels -> Osteoid tissue traps osteoblasts -> Creates more osteocytes -> Matrix ossifies -> Compact bone develops around the trabeculae (spongy bone) -> The blood vessles in the trabeculae develops into red bone marrow.

It is when bone slowly replaces hyaline cartilage that is found in the epiphyseal growth plate of bones. All of the other bones are formed this way.

Mesenchyme cells -> Osteoblasts -> Creates the bony collar -> Bony collar restricts blood flow to chondrocytes -> Chondrocytes die and break down -> Blood vessles invade the cavity -> Osteogenic cells enter the cavity -> Osteoblasts replace the chondrocytes with a matrix to form spongey bone -> Osteoclasts will break down and form the medullary cavity -> Blood vessels will enter the ends of the long bones which makes the secondary ossification center -> Osteoblasts will lay down spongy bone (middle to outside)-> Hyaline cartilage remains around the ends of the bone which makes articular cartilage and remains in the epiphyseal plate.