1What is the primary function of the testes?
To produce sperm and testosterone
2Where does sperm production occur in the testes?
In the seminiferous tubules
3What are Sertoli cells responsible for?
Nourishing sperm and supporting spermatogenesis
4What hormone stimulates the release of testosterone in males?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
5At what temperature is sperm production optimal?
Around 3 degrees Celsius below body temperature
6What is the role of the epididymis?
To store and mature sperm cells
7What is semen composed of?
Sperm, testicular fluids, and glandular secretions
8Where are the ovaries located?
On either side of the uterus
9What occurs during ovulation?
A mature egg is released from the ovary
10What are the three layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium
11What is the menstrual phase?
The phase where the endometrium is shed if no fertilization occurs
12What is endometriosis?
A condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus
13What hormone decreases in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
14What cells in the testes produce testosterone?
Leydig cells
15What process describes sperm development from spermatogonia?
Spermatogenesis
16How do myoid cells help sperm move if they aren’t mobile?
They create contractions to move sperm through the seminiferous tubules
17Where does sperm gain mobility?
In the epididymis
18What is the role of the vas deferens?
To transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts
19What is the role of the vas deferens?
To transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts
20What is the function of seminal vesicles?
To produce seminal fluid that nourishes and supports sperm
21What are fimbriae?
Structures that help move the oocyte from the ovary to the fallopian tubes
22What initiates the ovarian cycle in females?
The release of GnRH from the hypothalamus
23What are the two main phases of the menstrual cycle?
Follicular phase and luteal phase
24What hormone surges to trigger ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
25What occurs in the luteal phase if fertilization does not happen?
The corpus luteum degenerates, and menstruation begins
26What is a common symptom of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
Pelvic and lower abdominal pain
27What causes benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Age-related growth of prostate tissue compressing surrounding structures
28What is a key symptom of testicular torsion?
Sudden, severe scrotal pain and swelling
29What common treatment is used for ovarian cysts?
Pain management or surgical removal if severe