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GIMKIT Questions Part 1

35 flashcardsby jocyt9
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1
Which of the following is an inferential statistic that examines the strength of the relationship between two continuous variables?

  • Pearson product-moment correlation
  • confidence interval (CI)
  • chi-square
  • I² statistic
2
Which of the following is a statistic used to compare the differences between groups when the data compared is frequencies?
  • chi square
  • cohens d
  • hazard ratio
  • pearson product moment correlation
3
How could a researcher report that their is a 95% chance that the difference between the control group and intervention group is a true difference and not due to chance?
  • by indicating that p<0.0.5
  • By indicating that p= 95%
  • By indicating that p> 5%
  • By indicating that p= 0.95
4
A researcher collects data from patient's charts comparing clients who received occupational therapy after a fall with those who did not receive occupational therapy after a fall. This design would best be described as a
  • retrospective cohort design
  • Randomized control trial
  • Nonrandomized control trial
  • Crossover design
5
A longitudinal study comparing reaction time in mean and women at ages 60 and 70 finds the following. Which is true about the graph?
  • the graph suggests that there is an interaction effect
  • The graph suggests that there is no interaction effect.
  • Men have a slower reaction time than women at age 60.
  • Both groups have improved reaction time at age 70.
6
One concern researchers may have about a longitudinal study is
  • the possibility of a high drop out rate
  • The ethical implications of the design
  • The difficulty of getting IRB approval
  • There are no specific concerns regarding this type of research
7
A nonrandomized control trial finds that participants receiving more OT have better ADL independence. Which of the following follow-up studies would be most useful in increasing the strength of the evidence?
  • randomizing participants to the intervention and control groups
  • Following up with participants in the study to determine if their improvements were maintained
  • Using a single-subject design with a new sample
  • Conducting another study that replicates the same design
8
The Hawthorne effect is:
  • when research participants respond favorably to attention regardless of the intervention approach.
  • a condition in which many individuals achieve the highest possible score, leaving little to no room to detect improvement.
  • loss of participants who have enrolled in a study.
  • a validity problem which arises when changes that occur over time are due to natural changes in the individual, such as developmental changes or the healing process, rather than to the variable of interest.
9
Which of the following describes a case-control design?
  • an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study that can be used to answer prognostic research questions concerning which risk factors predict a condition.
  • a design in which participants are randomly assigned to groups and receive the same treatments but in a different order.
  • a study with more than one independent variable, in which the interaction or impact of both independent variables can be examined simultaneously.
  • research that explains health conditions and provides information about the incidence and prevalence of certain conditions within a diagnostic group.
10
Which of the following best describes correlational studies
  • a study designed to determine whether a relationship exists between two constructs and, if so, to assess the strength of that relationship.
  • a type of research that provides information about factors related to a particular outcome.
  • a type of research design that includes at least two groups (typically an experimental group and a control group), and participants are randomly assigned to the groups.
  • a study in which data are collected over at least two time points and typically cover an extended period of time, such as several years or decades, with the purpose of examining changes over time.
11
Which of the following describes a crossover study design?
  • a design in which participants are randomly assigned to groups and receive the same treatments but in a different order.
  • a study with more than one independent variable, in which the interaction or impact of both independent variables can be examined simultaneously.
  • an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study that can be used to answer prognostic research questions concerning which risk factors predict a condition.
  • a type of research that provides information about factors related to a particular outcome.
12
Which is of the following matches this description: research that explains health conditions and provides information about the incidence and prevalence of certain conditions within a diagnostic group?
  • descriptive study
  • case-control design
  • factorial design
  • predictive study
13
Which of the following is a study that examines whether an intervention has a positive outcome. Typically conducted under ideal conditions to improve internal validity.
  • efficacy study
  • observational study
  • randomized controlled trial (RCT)
  • correlational studies
14
Which is a study with more than one independent variable, in which the interaction or impact of both independent variables can be examined simultaneously?
  • factorial design
  • Descriptive study
  • Efficacy study
  • Predictive study
15
Which of the following best describes longitudinal research?
  • a study in which data are collected over at least two time points and typically cover an extended period of time, such as several years or decades, with the purpose of examining changes over time.
  • a type of research design that includes at least two groups (typically an experimental group and a control group), and participants are randomly assigned to the groups.
  • research that explains health conditions and provides information about the incidence and prevalence of certain conditions within a diagnostic group.
  • a study that examines whether an intervention has a positive outcome. Typically conducted under ideal conditions to improve internal validity.
16
Which is a type of research that provides information about factors related to a particular outcome?
  • predictive study
  • factorial design
  • descriptive study
  • case-control design
17
Which of the following best describes an observational study?
  • research in which only the naturally occurring circumstances are studied, as opposed to assigning individuals to an intervention or research condition.
  • a type of research that provides information about factors related to a particular outcome.
  • an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study that can be used to answer prognostic research questions concerning which risk factors predict a condition.
  • research that explains health conditions and provides information about the incidence and prevalence of certain conditions within a diagnostic group.
18
This is a type of research design that includes at least two groups (typically an experimental group and a control group), and participants are randomly assigned to the groups.
  • randomized controlled trial (RCT)
  • longitudinal research
  • correlational studies
  • case-control design
19
Which of the following would be the highest level of evidence?
  • A systematic review that includes three randomized control trials
  • A randomized control trial with 300 participants
  • A cohort study
  • An editorial from the leading expert in the field of study
20
Which of the following would be considered the lowest level of evidence?
  • An editorial from the leading expert in the field of study
  • A randomized control trial
  • A small cohort study
  • A nonrandomized control trial
21
A study examining the reliability of goniometry for individuals with severe burns would answer which type of question?
  • assessment
  • Efficacy
  • Descriptive
  • Qualitative
22
A study examining what motor problems are associated with cerbral palsy would answer what type of question?
  • descriptive
  • Efficacy
  • Assessment
  • Qualitative
23
Which type of question would be used to answer the following? "For wheelchair users, what is the best cushion to prevent pressure sores?"
  • efficacy
  • Prediction
  • Description
  • Qualitative
24
What type of question would be used to explore the impact of multiple sclerosis on parenting?
  • qualitative
  • Descriptive
  • Assessment
  • Efficacy
25
Which of the following is the best example of a PICO question?
  • For individuals with a femoral fracture, are deep breathing exercises more effective than medication for pain management?
  • What is the best treatment for spasticity?
  • How do individuals in a wheelchair manage curbs and ramps during community mobility?
  • Is mirror therapy effective in treating phantom limb pain?
26
Which of the following is the best illustration of a qualitative question?
  • What is the experience of telehealth therapy from the individual recieving the therapy?
  • What is the efficacy of telehealth therapy versus traditional therapy in people who have experienced a stroke?
  • What ADL independence measure has the best validity and reliabilty with the use of telehealth therapy?
  • Which individuals are the best candidates for telehealth therapy?
27
Which of the following is NOT a core principle of the American Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics?
  • Authenticity
  • Nonmalificence
  • Altruism
  • Freedom
28
What is the importance of randomization in research?
  • It minimizes the risk of bias and ensures a fair comparison between treatment and control groups.
  • It reduces the ethical implications of providing no intervention to the control group
  • It provides cost effective solutions to completing research
  • It allows researchers to ensure patients receive the treatment when appropriate rather than placebo
29
In the iconic Cochrane study for which the Cochrane logo was created, what population was being examined in the systemtic review?
  • Pre-term infants
  • Children with RSV
  • Pregnant women with COVID
  • Fetuses exposed to influenza
30
Any financial conflicts of interest should be disclosed in what section of a research article?
  • Acknowledgements
  • Methods
  • Abstract
  • Results
31
The practice implications of a study are included in what section of a research article?
  • Discussion
  • Introduction
  • Methods
  • Results
32
Which section of a research article would include the study design and description of the experiment and control conditions?
  • Methods
  • Introduction
  • Results
  • Discussion
33
Which is true about scientific research in the news media?
  • It tends to overemphasize initial findings
  • It tends to only report on systematic reviews and randomized control trials
  • It downplays positive results
  • It often reports only on replication studies
34
Which of the following is an important step in conducting ethical research?
  • Gaining approval from an institutional review board or IRB
  • Only publishing studies with positive results
  • Avoiding the use of gray literature in a systematic review
  • Designing only RCT studies with no methodoligical flaws
35
A nonrandomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of adaptive seating for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) would be classified as what type of research?
  • Experimental
  • Qualitative
  • Nonexperiemental
  • Basic
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