Ch 3 Key Terms

research that hs direct apllication to health-care practices

investigation of fundamental questions that is directed toward better understanding of individuals concepts

variables that describe attributes but do not have a quantitaive value (e.g., gender, political affiliation)

variable in which the numbers have meaning in relation to one another

a group in which participants receive an alternate intervention, a standard intervnetion, or no intervention

a variable that remains constant or the same between groups or situations

a study designed to determine whether a relationship exists between two constructs and, if so, to assess the strength of that relationship

a type of study that collects data at a single point in time

the variable that is intended to meaure the outcome of a study

a hypothesis in which the researcher makes an assumption or expresses belief in a particular outcome

a study that examines whether an intervention has a positive outcome. Efficacy studies are typically conducted under ideal conditions to improve internal validity.

studies that examine cause and effect relationships

a variable that is tracked and then later examined to determine its influence

a study with more than one independent variable, in which the interaction or impact of both indpendnet variables can be examined simultaneously

a proposed explanation for some phenomenon

a variable that is manipulated or compared in a study

a study that examines whether an intervention has a positive outcome

a study in which data are collected over at least two time points and typically cover an extended period of time, such as several years or decades, with the purpose of examining changes over time.

an exploratory method of study, suggesting that the researcher does not have preconceptions about what the study results may be, but may assume that a difference or relationship exists

research that does not manipulate the conditions but rather observes a condition as it exists; used to answer descriptive and relationship questions

a study in which at least two groups are compared, but participants are not randomly assigned to groups; also called a quasi-experiment

a research hypothesis tested with statistics that states there is no difference or no relationship

research in which only the naturally occurring circumstances are studied, as opposed to assigning individuals to an intervention or research condition

a research design that examines the outcomes of an effect (such as an intervention) on a group of individuals without comparing that effect to a control or comparision group

a type of research that studies questions about meaning and experience

a type of research that uses statistics and describes outcomes in terms of numbers

a research design that compares at least two groups but does not randomly assign participants to groups; also called a nonrandomized controlled trial

a type of research design that includes at least two groups (typically an experimental group and a control group), and participants are randomly assigned to the groups

the specific plan for how a study is to be organized and carried out

the prediction the researcher makes about the outcomes of their study

arises when two constructs may be related, but a third variable could account for the relationship or influence the relationship

when findings from the labratory are used to generate clinical research

a randomized controlled trial

a statistical conclusion error that occurs when the hypothsis is accepted, yet the hypothesis is actually false

a statistical conclusion error that occurs when the hypothsis is rejected, yet the hypothsis is true

characterisitc of people, activities, situations, or environments that is identified and/or measured in a study and has more than one value