Quantitative Design Part 1

is an ideal in research that guides the design, implementation, and interpretation of a study.

The validity of a study is enhanced when ______ methods allow the consumer to feel confident in the findings.

The validity of a study is supported when the conclusions drawn are based on _____________ interpretations of the statistics and not confounded with alternative explanations.

The inferences that are drawn from a study will have greater validity if they are believable and reflect the _________

refers to the accuracy of the conclusions drawn from the statistical analysis of a study.

Also recall that mistaken statistical conclusions result from ____________________; you can identify potential errors by increasing your awareness of research practices that lead to error.

what type of error is fishing

how can you protect against fishing

what type of error is low power

how can you protect against low power

refers to looking for findings that the researcher did not originally plan to explore.

Some statistical procedures take into account multiple analyses, the simplest conceptually is the ___________________ in which the alpha level of 0.05 is adjusted by dividing it by the number of comparisons.
Example: six comparisons 0.05/6=0.0083 (alpha rate of 0.83%)

is the ability of a study to detect a difference or relationship.

Power is based on
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The larger the ____ is, the more powerful the _________ is; likewise, if you have a ___________ effect, you will have _____ power.

occurs when no difference is found yet, a difference is present; this occurs because of low power and is most often the result of small sample size.

A study has ______________ when the conclusions drawn from the results are accurate and true.

When examining internal validity, ask yourself,

what are the threats to internal validity

indicates that the bias occurred when groups were assigned.

indicates the bias occurred during selection—either the selection of participants or the selection of sites.

how do you protect against assignment and selection threats

where should comparisons of the intervention and control groups at baseline be reported

each research participant has an equal chance of being assigned to the available groups for an intervention or control.

study participants ensures equal distribution on a particularly important characteristic.

one group’s characteristics (e.g., age) can be covaried in the statistical analysis so that it does not influence the outcomes.