CONM374 Leadership and Decision Making

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Authority; followers
A title gives you ___. Behavior earns you ___.
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Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard
Who developed Situational Leadership?
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No single best style; it depends on the person and the task
Situational Leadership: what determines the right style?
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Directing: tell and show clear steps, close follow-ups
Situational style for someone new and eager with little skill
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Coaching: explain why, encourage, keep teaching
Situational style for someone with some skill but dipping confidence
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Supporting: listen, ask, back their decisions
Situational style for someone skilled but unsure or uneven
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Delegating: hand it off, stay available
Situational style for someone skilled and committed
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Robert Greenleaf
Who coined the term servant leadership?
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Clear the paths, listen first, grow people, protect well-being
Four servant leader behaviors
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My example of a leader who used situational leadership
Toby: switched between directing, supporting and coaching depending on the task; always around to answer questions and lend a hand
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Real construction decisions rarely come with complete ___ or unlimited ___.
Information; time
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Is waiting a decision?
Yes, waiting is also a decision
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Question to ask before making a decision
Can I undo it?
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How to handle reversible decisions
Decide fast, then adjust
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How to handle hard-to-reverse decisions
Slow down and get input
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Four habits of leaders who decide well under pressure
Ask the people closest to the problem; use the five steps when time allows; decide, then say it clearly; review it afterward
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Three decision review questions
What did we expect? What actually happened? What will we do differently next time?
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Reversible or hard? Approving a pour while the engineer hasn't answered an RFI about embed plates
Hard to reverse
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Reversible or hard? Letting drywall close up a wall before the above-ceiling inspection
Hard to reverse (ask the inspector first)
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Reversible or hard? Moving tomorrow's coordination meeting from 7:00 to 7:30
Reversible (not hard)
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Reversible or hard? Signing a change order the owner wants approved today
Hard to reverse
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Dumping vs. delegating
Dumping frees up your afternoon; delegating is an investment that grows a person
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Four parts of a good delegation
Outcome, Constraints, Authority, Checkpoint
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Delegation: Outcome
What done looks like, and why it matters
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Delegation: Constraints
Budget, schedule, safety and quality limits
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Delegation: Authority
What they can decide without you
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Delegation: Checkpoint
When and how you will check in
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How far should a delegated task stretch the person?
Slightly outside their comfort zone, not far beyond it
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Managing people means balancing ___ and ___.
Accountability and support
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Address problems ___; give credit ___.
Early and privately; in public
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What is coaching?
Asking questions that help someone find their own answer
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When should you still tell instead of coach?
When safety is at risk, in an emergency, or when they are brand new
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Three levers of persuasion
Evidence, framing, and rapport
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Pressure gets ___. Persuasion gets ___.
Compliance; buy-in
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Credibility rests on what three things?
Character, competence, and consistency
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How is credibility built and lost?
Built slowly, lost fast
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Four parts of a personal leadership philosophy
Core values, how you lead, how you develop others, the leader you are becoming
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Leadership philosophy length and largest rubric category
400-500 words; Authenticity, worth 13 points
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The cliché test
Could everyone have written this exact sentence?
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Short bursts of stress help us ___; the body responds, then ___.
Perform; resets
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Under pressure the brain releases what?
Adrenaline and cortisol (fight or flight)
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What kind of stress leads to burnout?
Chronic stress (marked as a guess in my notes)
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Why is constant stress on a jobsite a safety issue?
It slows your sharpness and drops your focus
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Stress vs. burnout: duration
Stress is usually short term; burnout builds over a long period
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Stress vs. burnout: how it feels
Stress: too much, too fast. Burnout: empty, not enough left
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Stress vs. burnout: engagement
Stress: over-engaged, everything urgent. Burnout: disengaged, going through the motions
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Stress vs. burnout: does a vacation help?
Stress: usually yes. Burnout: you come back the same
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Stress is about too ___; burnout is about ___.
Much; not enough
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WHO definition of burnout
A syndrome from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed
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How does WHO classify burnout?
As an occupational phenomenon, not a medical condition
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Three dimensions of burnout
Exhaustion, distance (cynicism/negativism), reduced efficacy
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Burnout dimension: Exhaustion
Energy depletion, running on empty
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Burnout dimension: Distance
Mental distance from the job, or negativism and cynicism about it
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Burnout dimension: Reduced efficacy
Feeling less effective at work you used to do well
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Causes of burnout are about the ___, making it a ___ problem.
Work, not the person; systems
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A burned-out superintendent or foreman tends to produce a burned-out ___.
Crew
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Who created the 12 stages of burnout?
Freudenberger & North
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12 stages of burnout: stages 1-4
1 Compulsion to prove oneself, 2 Working harder, 3 Neglecting needs, 4 Displacement of conflicts
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12 stages of burnout: stages 5-8
5 Revision of values, 6 Denial of emerging problems, 7 Withdrawal, 8 Obvious behavior changes
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12 stages of burnout: stages 9-12
9 Depersonalization, 10 Inner emptiness, 11 Depression, 12 Burnout syndrome
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Why do the early burnout stages get missed?
They look like dedication
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What do the later stages of burnout call for?
Professional help, not more willpower
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Five construction career stressors
Schedule compression, physical wear, financial pressure, isolation, disrupted sleep
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How do career stressors become a problem?
Each is manageable alone, but they compound (stack over years)
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Signs of chronic stress: what to watch for
A pattern, not a single bad day
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Three places stress shows up
Physical, behavioral, mental and emotional
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Behavioral stress sign tied to jobsite safety
Being accident prone
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Foreman scenario (snaps at crew, eats alone, no day off in a month): which burnout stages?
Withdrawal and obvious behavior changes
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Foreman scenario: what to say and what to change
Say: 'Take the day off with pay, we are worried about you.' Change: reallocate resources
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Substance misuse warning signs
Increased aggression, changes in attitude, criminal addiction, poor hygiene, bloodshot eyes
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Substance misuse prevention resources
Narcan/Naloxone on site; education, EAPs, peer support; recovery-friendly workplace policies; substance misuse resources
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Recovery from substance misuse
It's treatable; pathways to recovery; positive outcomes; support is key
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Construction suicide rate
53.3 per 100,000 U.S. workers
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How does the construction suicide rate compare?
4x the national average and 5x all other construction fatalities combined
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Suicide warning signs
Increased risk taking, withdrawal, increased anger, poor performance, feeling like a burden
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Suicide prevention steps
Build a supportive culture, be conscious of language, provide training & resources
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Active suicidal ideation
Thinking about suicide with intent, may include a plan; an emergency
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Passive suicidal ideation
Wishing they weren't here; thoughts of death without a plan or intent to act right away
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What is resilience?
The ability to bounce back from challenges, adversity or setbacks; built through hardship
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Best mindset for building resilience
Growth mindset
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Areas of self care
Working out, time to yourself, spiritual, social, emotional; learn to say no to working late all the time
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Mindfulness
Being aware mentally and physically
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Stress management scheduling tips
Block out time and work margin into your schedule
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Box breathing
In through the nose 4, hold 4, out through the mouth 4
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Work-life balance over a career looks like…
Sustainable trade-offs, not a perfectly even split every week
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What should you protect even in the busiest stretch?
A few non-negotiables
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My non-negotiables
Time with family, attending kids' sporting events, health and wellbeing
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