Rheumatic fever and rheumatic HD

Rheumatic fever is a rare condition that can develop after a specific infection. Name the infection and the bacteria that causes this infection.

The acute phase of rheumatic fever inflames the 3 layers of the heart wall. What is the specific name for the inflammation of each of these layers?

Inflammation of innermost layer of heart wall. The tissue comprising this layer also covers the surface of the heart valve. Name the infection and how this infection affects the heart valves

Inflammation of outermost layer of heart wall. Can result in fluid accumulation in serous cavity. Accumulation restricts filling of heart.

Inflammation middle layer (cardiac muscle layer) of heart wall

Besides the wall of the heart, other sites are inflamed: joints, nontender subcutaneous nodules on joints, skin, and basal nuclei. Answer the following.

1:Name of nonpruritic rash on the skin

2: State the consequence of inflammation of basal nuclei in the brain

Increased heart rate increases delivery of blood to tissues. Due to fever increasing metabolic rate

Increase in WBCs due to infection

Systemic effects of inflammation

Caused by pyrogens released by WBCs

Abnormal heart sound caused by valve damage due to inflammation

Inflammation of serous membrane surrounding heart

Inflammation of heart valves

Causes chest pain due to rubbing of swollen surfaces

Results in new heart murmurs

The following factors predispose to this condition: Presence of abnormal heart valves, bacteremia, reduced host defenses.

Acute condition due to inflammation. Inflammation results in fluid accumulation in serous cavity which compresses the heart and reduces filling. This results in decreased cardiac output.

Acute condition occurs when normal heart valves are infected by high virulence organisms.

Chronic condition causes formation of adhesions between the serous membrane layers which constrict the serous membrane and limit filling of the heart. Limiting filling of heart decreases cardiac output.

Subacute condition occurs when defective heart valves infected by low virulence organisms