1Nazi Parties Past
• 1919 DAP setup
• 1920 Hitler was Drexler's Right-hand Man & Wrote 25-point Program
• August 1920 Hitler suggested change name to national socialist German Workers Party nsdap new emblem as well
• 1921 SA Setup Hitler Became Leader as Fuhrer.
(Began Answerable to No One
2 What are the Main Points of the 25-Point Program?
• Removal of TOV Due to
The Stab-in-the-Back Theory
•Antisemitism - Only Aryans can be Citizens & Vote, Jews Blamed for Problems
• Strong Central Government so Decisions can be Made More Easily
• Businesses Should be Nationalised
• Remove Weimar Republic & Communists
• Re-arm Germany
• Provide Living Spaces
• Increase Old Age Pension
3 What was it Called and When was Hitler's Attempt to take Control?
Munich Putsch 1923 or
Beer Hall Putsch
4What was Hitler's plan for the Munich Putch and when?
Hitler's Attempt was to Seize Power From Weimar Republic in 1923 to Seize Control of Bavaria then Berlin.
Remove Weak Weimar Politicians then Form Nazi Government.
5 Who was Hitler inspired by for his plan
Mussolini Seized Power in Italy as he Used his Private Army to March to Rome.
6What did SA do & it's Full Name?
Sturmabteilung
• Members also Known as "brown shirts"
• Private Army to Nazi Party
• Led by Rohm
• Political Meetings often Violent so SA Provided Protection for Speakers
• Disrupted Other Political Meetings of Social Democrats & Communists & Intimidated Voters
• Started Fights to Pretend to Break Them Up to Demonstrate Order & Safety
7 Who are the Three People Who Support was Needed for the Putsch to take place?
• Kahr
(Head Gov in Bavaria)
• Lossow
(Army Chief)
• Seisser
(Police Chief)
8Why did Hitler Launch the Munich Putsch?
• He Detested TOV - Remove Terms
• Won Support of Popular General Ludendorf (Former Army
Commander-in-Chief)
• SA used as Army
• Confident that Kahr & Army in Bavaria Would Support him
• Many Blamed Weimar for Hyper Inflation
• Growth of Nazis by 1923
• Occupation of Ruhr Humiliating
9 What were the Key Events of the Munich Putsch?
1) 8th November 1923 Hitler took over a Beer Hall Where Kahr, Seisser & Lossow Holding Meeting
2) At Gunpoint Hitler got their Promise of Support
3) Leaders Released but Seisser & Lossow Changed Minds so Alerted Army & Police
4) Hitler Continued with March Through Munich Even Though Plan Falling Apart
5) Nazis Only Had a Few Thousand Rifles VS Armed Police so There Was No Match as 16 Nazis & 4 Police Killed
6) Hitler Disappeared but Arrested 2 Days Later on that day Nazi party Banned
10 Reasons why the Munich Putsch was Successful?
• Numbers of Armed Support so Organised
• Knew Minister of Justice so Let Off Easily & Could Do What Wanted in Trial= More Attention
-Should have been Death but got 5 Years Prison Only Did 9 Months
• Treated Well in Prison & Do What Wanted
• Allowed Mein Kampf to be Written
• Hitler had Public Support
• Changed Strategy Win Power by Elections & Democracy
• Became National Figure due to Trial
• Taking Action Gained/Kept Support of Revolutionary Hungary SA
11What was in Mein Kampf?
• Mentioned his Political Beliefs it's ideas influenced 1933 Nazi Policy
• Jews were inferior to Aryans (superior race)
• Remove System of Gov & Replace with Strong Leader
• Requirements of Lebensraum (Living Spaces to Create Greater Germany of German-Speaking People
12 Reasons why the Munich Putsch was Fail?
• Didn't Take Over Radio or Telegraph so National Government Ordered it to be Stopped because they Knew it Happening
• Road Blocked by Police who Hitler said Supported Him
• 16 Nazis Killed
• Bavarian Leaders Betrayed Hitler Due his Mistaken Support From Them
• Guilty of Treason
13Reasons for no Support?
• Straight After Putsch (1924) won 32 Seats but dropped to 12 in 1928
• Weimar Republics Economic Recover Meant Little Support for Extreme Parties
• Mein Kampf Made Racist Views of Party Clear - Wasn't Supported when times were good for Weimar Republic
• Hindenburg President of Republic so People more Likely to Support it
14 What did Nazi party do during lean years in 1924 to 28?
• Hierarchy
Hitler--)SS--)Leadership Crops --)SA--)Members--)Youth
• Ban of Party Lifted 1924
• Set Up Branches in Each Area Germany Lead by Gauleiter- Region Leader (lead Guard)
- Regions Divided into Kreise with Kreiseleiter
• 1925 Schutzstaffel (SS)- Started as Bodyguard to Hitler ended Police to Reichstag
-Subdivision of SA
- Thought up Holding Nazi ideology because Chosen Being 'Racially Pure' Obeying Blind Loyal to Hitler
• 1926 Hitler Youth
• Bamberg Conference 1926
• Propaganda
Joseph Goebbels Used Radio, Film, Posters & Newspapers.
Presented 'Hitler Myth' - Hitler Presented as Strong & Stable Leader Who bring Back Germany's Greatness
• Tried Win Votes Urban Workers before 1928 but After Wanted Votes from Farmers as Done wrong by Weimar Republic
15What were the Policy's that Hitler Made in the Bamberg Conference 1926?
• North & South Divide in Nazi Party- North had Socialist Outlook (Working Class) South Rural with Nationalist Outlook-
HITLER CHOSE A SIDE
• Hitler wanted to Invade Russia to get Lebensraum (Space for German People)
-North wanted Russia as Ally but Risk of Communism Spreading
• Religious Divide-North Protestant & South Catholic- Hitler Wanted United People's Community (Volk Gemeinschaft)
• Wouldn't change 25-point Programme as thought Foundation for Nazi idea & Disrespect Those Died in Putsch
• Wanted Fuhrerprinzip - Rule Nazis Must Obey Leader Resulted in Hitler Having Complete Control with No Opposition Within his Own Party
16What did Support Increase to by 1928?
100 Thousand
17When was Wall Street Crash?
1929
18What Happened in Wall Street Crash & When?
• 1929-USA Went into Economic Depression
• USA Pay Off Debts Called Back Loans (Dawes plan from Stressemen Germany Causing Economic Collapse)
• German Business Went Bankrupt, Causing Unemployment Due to German Bank Calling Back their Loans from Industries & Agriculture
-Had Cut Production, Sales Went Down
19What did the Government do Wrong During Wall Street Crash & Who was the Leader at the Time?
• 1930-32 Heinrich Bruning Was Chancellor
• Higher Taxes for Unemployment Benefits but Policy Rejected
• Moderate Parties Didn't Really Work Together so Reichstag Looked Weak - Bruning Relied on Article 48 to Pass Law, Cut Benefits & Taxes Raised
• Nicknamed Hunger Chancellor - Resigned in May 1932
• These Issues Made People Switch to Extreme Parties
20What were the Effects of The Wall Street Crash to the People & What was the Result?
• Industrial output Down by 40%
• Homelessness increase as Couldn't Afford Rent
• Less Money Spend on Things so Businesses Suffered
• Taxes Raised to Help Unemployed so Everyone Suffered
• Half of 16-30-year-olds Unemployed
• 60% of University Graduates Couldn't Get Jobs
• 40% Factories Workers Were Unemployed by 1932
• 1930-3 Million unemployed
1930-6 Million 400 Thousand Nazi Votes Before was 800 Thousand
• Because of this People's Views Changed - Businesses Struggling, People Being Able
To Spend Less, Unemployment, Want Scapegoats, Homeless, Useless Government, Nazis are Doing Something, Violence Increased, Fear Of Communists, Caused Drastic Decisions, Pensions Cut
21 Why did support for Nazis increase between 1929 and 1932?
Propaganda
Geobbles Organised Massive Campaigns included Rallies, Parades, Speeches & Hitler travelling Around Country.
With Slogan "Füher over Germany". Posters portrayed Opponents Weak & Strong Apeeled to Workers.
SA & SS
SA Own Illegal Army "Brown Shirts" Caused Violence & Attacked Communist & Social Democratic Meetings. Hitler Used Them Show Off Nazis Power.
SS Hitler's Body Guards.
Financial Support
Funds from Industrialists e.g. Bosch.
Industrialists Terrified of Communist Threat & Of Growth of Trade union power so Offered Support to Hitler as had Same Views.
Hitler's Leadership
Portrayed Strong Leader was Charismatic when Addressed Crowds with Simple & Clear Messages.
Great Depression
Gov Unable Solve
so People Resorted to Extreme Parties e.g Nazis & Communists.
Nazi Policies & Organisation
Supporters of Nazi Party Posted Leaflets & Did Public Meetings to Spread Nazi Messages.
Nazi Election Promises include Providing Jobs, Helping Businessmen, Farmers & Shopkeepers. Promised if Gained Power Would Ignore Treaty of Versailles & Make Germany Great Again.
Anti-Communism
Nazis promoted as Safe Alternative to Communism.
Won Support of Big Business & Middle Classes as Communism Destroyed Their Wealth.
Weimar Government Mistakes
Couldn't Decide how Deal with Depression so Raised Taxes Reduced Unemployment Benefit & Cut Wages -Unpopular Policies when People Struggling.
Some Parties Left.
President Hindenburg was 84 Senile & started to Pass Laws on His Own.
22When did Hitler Become Chancellor?
January 1933
23How did Hitler Become Chancellor?
• Brüning Forced Resign as Chancellor in 1932 as Banned SA & Planned to Increase Land Tax & Buy Land to House Unemployed = Upset Many.Nationalists, Landowners & President Hindenburg.
• Von Papen became Chancellor
• Von Papen Called Election in November 1932 to Get Majority of Reichstag as Thought Support for Nazis Decreased.
• Von Papen Resigns December 1932 as Suggested Abolition of Weimar Constitution & Bring Military Rule but Von Schleicher Told Hindenburg Cause Civil War.
• Von Schleicher Not Successful Chancellor as Landowners, Army, industrialists Think His Policy may Lead to Communist Takeover.
• Von Papen Makes Deal To make Hitler Chancellor Leading a Nazi-Nationalist Government with Von Pappen Vice Chancellor.
• Von Papen persuades Hindenburg by saying they can Limit Hitler's influence keep Nazi Seats in Cabinet Limited.
24How did Hitler Establish his Authority & Become Fuhrer & When was Each Step?
• Reichstag Fire 1933 27 February
• Enabling Act 1933 23 March
• Trade Union Take Over 1933 2nd May
• Political Parties Banned 1933 July
• Night of the Long Knives 1934 29-30
• Hindenburg Death 1994 2nd August
• Fuhrer's Oath
25What was the Reichstag Fire & What was Put in Place as a Result?
Hitler Called elections to get 75% change Constitution
Hitler Persuaded to Pass Free Elections- police notified 48 hours before political meeting
27 February 1933- one week before Elections
• Dutch Communist Van der Lubbe Found & Arrested for Commiting Arsen of Reichstag Building
• Hitler used as Evidence that Communists were Plotting Revolution caused Georing to Arrest 4,000 Communists
• Hitler Persuaded Hindenburg to Pass a Decree for Protection of People & State (Reichstag Fire Decree) to Suspend Freedom of Speech, Press & Assembly & Arrest Any Political Opponent without Trial Given Emergency Powers
• Stayed in Place for 12 Years
26What did the Enabaling Act Allow Hitler to do?
• Pass Laws Without President & Reichstag - Needed 2/3 to Pass It
• Using Emergency Powers Communists + Social Democrats Banned from Voting & Campaigning Other Parties Supported him with Small Deals
• Was passed & Democracy was Ended Hitler Could Pass Any Law - Laws Passed Against Jews Soon After
27What Happened in 5th May 1933?
Trade Union Offices Taken Over & Leaders Arrested Before Being Merged into German Labour Front Run by Nazis.
28What Happened in July 1933?
All Political Parties Banned
29What Happened on the Night of the Long Knives & Why & When?
29/30th June 1934
why?
• SS Men Went to Wipe Out Leaders of SA because they Were Threat.
• This Was Only Way Hitler would Gain Support of Army because they were Threatened by SA.
• Hitler Threatened by Rohm's Power as:
-Rohm Didn't Get On with Himmler Due to Support of Business instead of Workers
-Wanted SA as German Army
• Himmler Wanted SS Away from SA, Goering Wanted to Run SA
What Happened?
• On Night SA Members Shot at Nazi Buildings While Rohm was Shot in Prison (advised to commit suicide but refused)
•Political Opponents Also Killed
(Gustav Kahr & von schliecher)
• SS Now a Big Threat
• People Were Pleased SA had Been Restrained as Brutal
-Sa Now Under Hitler's Control
30How did Hindenburg's Death Cobtribute to Hitler becoming dictator & when was it & what did Hitler become?
2nd August 1934
Hitler Merged Chancellor & President into Fuhrer - a Position of Absolute Power Could now Appoint his People into Parliament
31What was the Fuhrer's Oath?
Made Anyone in Authority Swear & Oath Him as Fuhrer, Army Had to Swear Oath to Him Instead of Country & Judges.
So Power Over Everyone because Any Who Broke It were Punished
32Analyse this Image
33Who was
Heydrich?
• In Charge of Gestapo
• Boss of Himmler
• Mastermind Behind Holocaust
34Who was
Hess?
• Early Joiner of Nazi Party
• WW1 Soldier
• Deputy Leader of Nazis
• Took Part in Munich Putsch with Hitler but arrested
• Helped Write Hitler's Book in Prison- Kampf
(Fan Boy)
35Who was
Rolm?
• WW1 Soldier
• Violent & Brutal Thug
• Worked Close with Hitler
• In Charge of SA (Brown Shirts)
• Took Part in Munich Putsch
• Dangerous to Hitler as SA
36Who was
Goebbles?
• Not Soldier in WW1
• Inferior Complex (insecure)- club foot
• Joined Hitler After he was Released from Jail 1924 but wrote to him in Jail
• Appointed Reich minister of propaganda in 1933
• Made gauleiter for berlin in 1926
• With Hitler till End

37Who was
Himmler?
• WW1 Soldier
• Early Joiner of Nazi Party
• Crazier than Hitler & Hated Jews More
• Manipulative
• Boss was Rolm
• In Charge of SS Elite Squad of SA (black shirts)
• 1930 head of all police state Concentration Camps etc
38Who was
Goering?
• Fighter Ace (shot guns & flew) WW1
• Popular Figure
• Early Joiner of Nazi Party
• In Charge of Propaganda Before Geobbles as Popular
• Charasmatic (people listened/charming)
• No Morals & Didn't Believe in Nazi Party but Joined for Excitement
• In Charge of Air Force