1For flashcards, I'll use the format: Question
Answer.
For the quiz, I'll use a multiple-choice format.
Flashcards (RemNote Style)
I. Definitions and Classifications
2 * What is nutrition?
The process in animals and plants, involving the intake of food and its subsequent utilization by the body to carry out different life processes.
3 * What are nutrients?
Components of food that are required by the body of an organism to sustain growth and produce energy.
4 * What are autotrophs?
Organisms that can prepare their own food.
5 * What does the term 'autotroph' mean?
'Auto' means 'self', and 'trophe' means 'nourishment'.
6 * Give an example of an autotroph.
Green plants, Algae, or some bacteria.
7 * What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that obtain their food from others, depending on other plants and animals for food and nutrition.
8 * What does the term 'heterotroph' mean?
'Hetero' means 'other' and 'trophe' means 'nourishment'.
9 * Give an example of a heterotroph.
Animals.
10 * Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs based on chlorophyll.
Autotrophs have chlorophyll; Heterotrophs do not.
11 * Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs based on food production.
Autotrophs can prepare their own food; Heterotrophs cannot prepare their own food and depend on other organisms.
II. Photosynthesis
12 * Define photosynthesis.
The process by which plants prepare their food with the help of chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
13 * What are the two products of photosynthesis?
Glucose (a carbohydrate) and Oxygen.
14 * What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{\text{Sunlight, Chlorophyll}} \text{Carbohydrate (Glucose)} + 6O_2.
15 * What is the primary site of photosynthesis in a plant?
The green leaves.
16 * What pigment helps leaves capture sunlight energy?
Chlorophyll.
17 * How does carbon dioxide enter the leaves?
Through tiny pores called stomata on the leaf surface.
18 * What structures surround stomata?
Guard cells.
19 * The simple carbohydrate first produced during photosynthesis is:
Glucose.
20 * The glucose is later converted and stored as:
Starch (a complex carbohydrate).
21 * Why is the sun considered the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms?
Because solar energy is captured by leaves and stored as food in the plant.
III. Soil Nutrients and Chloroplasts
22 * What are the three main nutrients required by plants?
Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium.
23 * What is the function of chloroplasts?
They are green-coloured plastids in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis.
24 * What is the jelly-like fluid inside the inner membrane of a chloroplast?
Stroma.
25 * What are the disc-shaped structures inside the grana of a chloroplast?
Thylakoids, which contain chlorophyll.
26 * What are the two ways plants obtain nitrogen?
Through soil bacteria like Rhizobium which convert atmospheric nitrogen, or by adding nitrogen-rich fertilizers.
IV. Heterotrophic Nutrition in Plants
27 * Why do some plants need to obtain nutrition from other sources?
Because they do not have chlorophyll.
28 * Name the four different modes of heterotrophic nutrition in plants.
Parasitic, Saprophytic, Insectivorous, and Symbiotic.
29 * Define parasitic nutrition.
Plants obtain their nutrition partially or completely from other plants.
30 * In parasitism, what is the plant that obtains food called?
The parasite.
31 * In parasitism, what is the plant that provides food and shelter called?
The host.
32 * Give two examples of parasitic plants.
Cuscuta (dodder) and mistletoe.
33 * Define saprophytic nutrition.
Plants derive their food from dead and decaying organic matter.
34 * Give an example of a saprophyte.
Mushrooms (a type of fungi).
35 * Why do insectivorous plants eat insects?
To meet their nitrogen requirements, as they grow in soil deficient in nitrogen.
36 * Give two examples of insectivorous plants.
Pitcher plant and Venus flytrap.
37 * Define symbiotic nutrition.
Plants live in association where food and other resources are mutually shared and benefited by both organisms.
38 * What organisms make up a lichen?
Algae and fungi.
39 * What does the fungus get from the algae in a lichen?
Nutrition.
40 * What does the algae get from the fungus in a lichen?
shelter