ALL powerpoint questions for pharm final

A nurse is administering a drug that is categorized as Schedule IV. The nurse understands that this means the drug:
a.Has acceptable medical applications with low potential for abuse.
b Is a controlled substance with no accepted medical use.
c.Is dangerous to administer to pregnant or breast-feeding patients.
d.Has the potential for serious and life-threatening adverse effects.

If a drug interacts with only one type of receptor, and if the receptor type regulates just a few processes, then the effects of the drug will be what?

if a drug interacts with only one type of receptor, but if the receptor type regulates multiple processes, then the effects of the drug will be what?

The nurse is preparing to administer a drug to a patient with an infection. What is the most important characteristic of this drug?
a. The drug will destroy the microorganism.
b. The drug will be administered orally.
c.The drug does not have harmful effects.
d.The drug does not interact with other drugs.

Which statement about drug agonists does the nurse identify as being true?
a. An agonist makes physiologic processes go faster.
b. An agonist exerts effects by causing receptor activation.
c. An agonist has moderate intrinsic activity.
d. An agonist is a dynamic component.

A patient is prescribed cimetidine (a histamine H2 antagonist) to treat a gastric ulcer. The nurse will teach the patient that this drug will:
A. react with gastric acid to form a thick paste and adhere to the ulcer area.
B. activate mucous secretion by the parietal cells to protect the gastric lining.
C. inhibit the action of histamine at receptor sites and block gastric acid secretion.
D. neutralize gastric acid by inactivation of pepsin.

A patient with cancer is receiving morphine for pain control. The patient calls the nurse to report that the morphine is no longer controlling his pain. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?
a.“Increasing the dose of morphine will make you so sleepy that you will not be able to function.”
b.“This means that you have developed a psychologic addiction to morphine.”
c.“You have developed a tolerance to morphine and will need a higher dose.”
d.“It is recommended that we wait to increase the morphine until the pain is more severe.”

A toddler has been prescribed a medication that does not have an established pediatric dose. To calculate the appropriate dose for the child, the nurse should consider what information?
a.The child’s weight is 26 pounds.
b.The child’s height is 32 inches.
c.The child’s body surface area is 0.52 kg/m2.
d.The child’s age is 24 months.

The nurse is assessing an 82-year-old patient before the administration of medications. Which laboratory result would provide the best index of renal this patient’s function?
a.Serum creatinine
b.Blood urea nitrogen
c.Urinalysis
d. Creatinine clearance

An older adult patient is taking a new prescription medication. After reviewing the patient’s medical record, the nurse is most concerned about an adverse drug reaction if what is documented?
a.The patient is currently taking eight prescription medications.
b.The patient’s urinary creatinine clearance is 70 mL/min/1.73 m2.
c.The patient regularly takes herbal and dietary supplements.
d.The patient takes a medication with a high therapeutic index.

An older adult patient frequently forgets to take an oral medication that has been prescribed to be taken 3 times a day. Which action by the nurse is best?
a.Assess the patient’s ability to swallow the medication.
b.Arrange for a neighbor to call the patient 3 times a day.
c.Call the prescriber for a sustained-release form of the drug.
d. Give the patient verbal and written instructions about the drug.

A nurse is preparing to administer epinephrine to a patient who is having a severe allergic reaction. Which route of administration should the nurse use to provide the fastest and most complete absorption of epinephrine?
a.Intravenous
b.Intramuscular
c.Subcutaneous
d.Oral

The nurse identifies which patient as being at highest risk for slow drug metabolism?
a. A 2-year-old boy who is prescribed an oral antibiotic
b.A 14-year-old girl who takes four prescription drugs
c.A 56-year-old man who has chronic hepatic disease
d.A 76-year-old woman who has an elevated temperature

Digoxin has a half-life of 36 to 48 hours. Because of the length of the half-life, the nurse expects dosing to occur how often?
4 times per day 3 times per day 2 times per day
Once a day

Grapefruit juice inhibits the cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 drug metabolizing enzyme and inhibits p-glycoprotein in the intestines for weeks after ingestion. This especially affects calcium channel blockers, benzodiazepines, cyclosporine and “statin” drugs. The nurse should teach a patient who is prescribed any of these drugs that drinking grapefruit juice can cause:
• Excessive first pass effect
• Rapid excretion of the drug
• Excel/Increased levels of the drug in the blood • Lack of therapeutic effect of the drug

Drugs that are highly lipid soluble are more likely to pass through the blood-brain barrier and reach the central nervous system.
a)True • b)False

A drug with a half-life of 4 hours is administered at a dosage of 100 mg. How much of the drug will be in the patient's system 8 hours after administration?
a)75 mg • b)50 mg
• c)37.5 mg • d) 25 mg

The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a patient with a history of renal disease. The nurse expects a reduction in dosage based on the understanding that which of the following might be altered?
a)Excretion
• b)Metabolism • c)Distribution • d)Absorption

While preparing to administer medications to a patient, the nurse finds that he does not understand the rationale for the patient receiving one of the prescribed drugs. What should he do?
a. Ask another nurse why the patient is getting this medication.
b.Ask the patient why this medication has been ordered.
c.Research the medication, focusing on its therapeutic uses.
d.Verify with the prescribing healthcare provider the reason for the medication.

When the nurse reviews a medication order, it is not clear what route should be used for administration. Which action by the nurse is best?
a. Use a current drug reference resource to determine the administration route.
b. Administer the drug via the oral route.
c.Contact the pharmacist for clarification.
d.Call the prescriber to verify the route.

The nurse administered 2 mg of morphine intravenously to a postoperative patient. In addition to the following Rights of Drug Administration, what responsibility does the nurse have as a patient advocate?
a.To administer the drug as often as possible
b.To minimize adverse effects by reducing the next dose of morphine
c.To know the possible reactions to morphine
d. To inform visitors that the patient has received morphine

Which patient does the nurse identify as being at highest risk for the development of an adverse drug reaction?
A. A 1-month-old patient whose mother has allergies to penicillin, aspirin, and codeine
B. A 16-year-old patient with multiple traumatic injuries who is taking morphine and an antibiotic
C. A 54-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis who has been enrolled in a clinical trial of a new drug
D. An 84-year-old patient with diabetes, heart failure, and hypertension who takes seven prescription medications each
day

A patient is prescribed a medication that is potentially hepatotoxic. Before administering the medication, it is most important for the nurse to assess what?
A. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine
B. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine
aminotransferase
C. Prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram
D. Serum potassium, serum sodium, and serum
magnesium

Which individual is at the highest risk for a drug-drug interaction?
A. A toddler who is prescribed two antibiotics for a serious infection
B. An adolescent who takes over-the-counter medications for menstrual cramping
C. An adult who takes eight prescription medications for a chronic condition
D. An older adult who takes two prescription medications and a dietary supplement for anxiety

The nurse cares for a patient who is taking a calcium channel blocker for hypertension. The nurse should be most concerned if the patient makes which statement?
A. “I take my medication with a glass of water.”
B. “I eat foods high in fiber to prevent constipation.”
C. “I drink a glass of grapefruit juice each evening.”
D. “I avoid foods such as broccoli and cabbage.”

A patient is prescribed a medication to be taken on an empty stomach. Which statement should the nurse include when providing patient teaching?
A. “Take the medication 1 hour before eating.”
B. “Take the medication with a small glass of water.”
C. “Take the medication before going to bed at night.”
D. “Take the medication 1 hour after a meal.”

A nurse is preparing to administer cefotaxime (claforan) IV to a client who has a severe infection and has been receiving cefotaxime for the past week. Which of the following findings indicates a potentially serious adverse reaction to this medication and should be reported to the provider?
A diaphoresis
B diarrhea
C alopecia
D epistaxis

Which statement about erythromycin is correct?
A It inhibits cell wall formation of organisms
B It used to treat infections in clients who are allergic to penicillin
C liver function should be monitored when clients are on the drugs
D teach clients to take it with meals usually
E Monitor ECG for this drug

• A nurse is planning discharge teaching for a female client who has a new prescription for Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
• A. Take the medication even if pregnant
• B. Maintain a fluid restriction while taking it
• C. Take in on an empty stomach
• D. Stop taking it when manifestations subside

A nurse is preparing to administer morphine to a client who has acute pain. For which of the
following manifestations should the nurse monitor as an adverse effect of this medication?
A urinary retention (bladder doesn’t know it is full, due to decreased sensation of bladder fullness)
B tachypnea (no, it DECREASES resp rate)
C Hypertension (no, it decreases blood pressure, vasodilation)
D Irritating cough (no, it acts as a cough suppressant )

A patient drinks five to six alcoholic beverages per day and takes acetaminophen [Tylenol] for pain relief. The nurse should caution the patient to do what?
A. Limit intake of acetaminophen to less than 2000 mg/day.
B. Avoid taking acetaminophen for pain.
C. Take acetaminophen with food to reduce the risk of
liver damage.
D. Avoid taking any pain reliever other than acetaminophen.

Nonaspirin NSAIDs differ from aspirin in all but which way?
A. They cause reversible inhibition of COX, so their effects decline as soon as their blood levels decline.
B. They can suppress platelet aggregation, but they are not used to prevent MI and stroke.
C. They increase the risk of MI and stroke and therefore should be used in the lowest effective dosage for the shortest possible time.
D. They are safe to use in children with chickenpox or influenza.

A patient with asthma is prescribed albuterol (Proventil) 2 puffs 3
times/day. The nurse should teach the patient to:
A. rinse the mouth after taking the prescribed dose.
B. take an extra dose if breathing is compromised.
C. wait 1 minute between puffs from the inhaler.
D. take adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D.

A patient with asthma is prescribed triamcinolone acetonide (Azmacort). The nurse should:
A. take the pulse before administration of the medication.
B. teach the patient to use a spacer to prevent a fungal infection.
C. instruct the patient to use the inhaler to treat an acute attack.
D. encourage the patient to avoid weight-bearing activity.

The nurse is caring for a patient with migraine headaches. Which assessment best indicates that sumatriptan [Imitrex] is exerting the desired therapeutic effect?
A. The patient experiences decreased frequency of migraine headaches.
B. The patient does not experience any more migraine headaches.
C. The patient reports the termination of the migraine headache after the drug is is administered.
D. The patient experiences decreased nausea associated with the migraine headache.

A patient is prescribed ergotamine tartrate [Ergomar] for migraine headaches. Which statement made by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A. “I should place the tablet under my tongue.”
B. “I need to use birth control pills while taking this medication.”
C. “I am not at risk for physical dependence with this drug.”
D. “I should avoid drinking grapefruit juice with this medication.”

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis has been taking high-dose aspirin and complains of gastric upset and pain. What does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for this patient?
A. Taking a lower dose of aspirin
B. Biweekly injections of methotrexate [Rheumatrex]
C. Obtaining a prescription for celecoxib [Celebrex]
D. Daily drug therapy with prednisone

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed methotrexate [Rheumatrex]. The nurse will expect to observe therapeutic effects with this drug in which time period?
A. 3to7days
B. 3 to 6 weeks
C. 3 to 4 months
D. 1 to 2 years

Which statement about enteracept does the nurse identify as true?
A. The patient should stop taking the drug if redness appears at the injection site.
B. Enteracept can cause liver injury.
C. Live vaccines can be administered with enteracept.
D. Enteracept is used to treat CNS demyelinating disorders.