1What is a system?
A system is a set of related components that produces specific results
2What do businesses utilise?
Many types of systems
3What are the five key components of information systems?
Hardware, Software, Data, Processes, People
4What is hardware in an information system?
The physical layer of the information system
5Give examples of hardware in an IS
Servers, workstations, networks, scanners, digital capture devices, telecommunications equipment, fiber-optic cables, mobile devices
6What is software in an information system?
Programs that control the hardware and produce the desired information or results
7Give examples of software in an IS
Microsoft Word, spreadsheet applications, food ordering systems
8What is data in an information system?
Raw facts that an IS transforms into useful information
9Why can data not be used for decision-making in raw form?
Because it inherently has no meaning
10Give examples of data in an IS
Payroll system tables, customer details, student details, bank account information
11What are processes in an information system?
Tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff perform to achieve specific results
12Give an example of a process in an IS
Generating a report
13What are not processes but representations of them?
User manuals, flowcharts, and checklist documents
14Who are people in an information system?
Individuals who have an interest in an IS
15Give examples of people in an IS
Stakeholders, users
16How can IS be classified?
By organisational levels, mode of data processing, system objectives, and type of support provided
17What are Enterprise Computing Systems?
Systems that support company-wide operations and data management requirements
18Give an example of Enterprise Computing Systems
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems
19What are Transaction Processing Systems?
Mission-critical systems involving large amounts of data to update records and generate reports
20Give examples of Transaction Processing Systems
Bill systems, payroll systems, stock control systems
21What are Business Support Systems?
Systems that convert raw data from Transaction Processing Systems into summarised formats for managers
22Give examples of Business Support Systems
Management Information Systems, Sales management systems, Human resource management systems
23What are Knowledge Management Systems?
Also called expert systems, they simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules
24What do many Knowledge Management Systems use?
Fuzzy logic
25What are User Productivity Systems?
Software applications and tools designed to enhance the productivity and efficiency of individual users
26Give examples of User Productivity Systems
Groupware (calendar, email, and scheduling software)
27What is Structured Analysis?
A method using the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model
28What are the five steps of the SDLC?
Systems planning, Systems analysis, Systems design, Systems implementation, Systems support and security
29What is Object-Oriented Analysis?
An approach that combines data and processes into "objects"
30What is an object in Object-Oriented Analysis?
A member of a class that possesses properties
31What changes an object’s properties in Object-Oriented Analysis?
Methods
32What is a message in Object-Oriented Analysis?
A request for specific behaviour or information from another object
33What are Agile Methods?
Development methods that emphasise continuous feedback and iterative development
34What did the agile community publish?
The Agile Manifesto
35Give examples of Agile Methods
Scrum and Extreme Programming (XP)
36What should analysts understand before selecting a development method?
The pros and cons of any approach
37What are some other development methods?
Joint Application Development (JAD), Rapid Application Development (RAD), Rational Unified Process (RUP), V model, DevOps model