Pediatric Nursing

(hives) itchy, red welts on the skin

Varicella, rubeola, or pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis

Rubella, diptheria, or influenza

Respiratory syncytial virus, impetigo, or viral conjunctivitis

-Clients who are immunocompromised
-Leukemia or an immunodeficiency

Range-of-motion exercises and proper positioning to minimize atrophy and skin breakdown

Frequent or continuous swallowing is a manifestation of hemorrhage following a tonsillectomy

Thirst, hoarseness, nausea, vomiting, and flushed skin

Minimize exposure to environmental noise and bright lights

Place small pieces of moleskin over cast edges to reduce irritation

Change in vital signs, sleeplessness, a high-pitch cry, and grimacing

Provide a light snack prior to bedtime to provide comfort and promote sleep

Anemia/decreased Hgb, anorexia, fever, and weight loss

Splenomegaly: an enlargement of the spleen

-Chills and flank pain
-Nausea, vomiting, and flushing

-Bending forward with back parallel to the floor
-Nurse should observe for asymmetry and prominence of the rib cage

Recording the amount and consistency of the child's stools

Physical injury due to motor-vehicle crashes

1 tablespoon

Painful swelling and sores inside the mouth

Decreased hemoglobin level with chronic anemia due to the destruction of red blood cells

Pinworm infection

Trim the child's fingernails short to reduce the collection of eggs and reinfection

Stretching activities to prevent contractures

Haemophilus influenze type B (droplet precautions)

-Discuss benefits of procedure
-Give child needleless IV supplies to play with
-Allow child to perform procedure with doll

Splinting the child's joints at night will decrease pain and enhance joint function

Autoimmune disease that causes arthritis in children

Mental status changes such as suicidal thoughts, aggression, and depression

Vitamin D to enhance the absorption of calcium from foods other than those containing lactose

Lab test that provides an accurate average of the client's blood glucose level over the past 120 days

Administer with a straw to prevent teeth staining

Apply pressure to the lacrimal punctum for 1 minute following administration to prevent the medication from entering the nasopharynx

Genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in factor VIII clotting protein
-Manifestations include prolonged bleeding; bleeding into joints causing pain, swelling, and stiffness

(croup) A childhood condition that causes inflammation in the upper airway resulting in a barky cough, restlessness, difficulty breathing, and hoarseness

Thick, muffled voice and froglike croaking sound

Rare but life-threatening infection of the epiglottis most commonly caused by Hib.
-Manifestations include drooling, difficulty breathing, dysphonia, stridor, sore throat, restlessness, and high fever

Viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that causes inflammation and swelling fo the larynx, trachea, and sometimes bronchi.
-Manifestations include low-grade fever, restlessness, hoarseness, barky cough, dyspnea, inspiratory stridor, and retractions

ADHD; due to the increased emotional and physical demands the condition can place on the child's parents

Enlargement of the spleen due to pooling of sickled cells in the blood

Suction infant's nasal passages using a bulb syringe to clear the passages and decrease respiratory effort

Covering the strong eye to strengthen the muscles in the weak eye (eye patch)

The child's abdomen

Inflammation of bone caused by infection
-Manifestations include localized inflammation and warmth at the site of infection, fever, and severe pain

Facilitate partial weight bearing on affected extremity, encourage intake of foods with protein, reinforce importance of dietary calcium

Stomach virus

A painful complication of sickle cell disease that occurs when sickled red blood cells block blood flow in microcirculation

Pain management, rehydration, provide oxygen if saturation is low

Kidney disorder that causes the body to excrete too much protein in the urine

Infant's birth weight should triple by 12 months of age

Rare inherited disorder that causes an amino acid called phenylalinine to build up in the body
-Treatment: low protein diet

Increased irritability, fatigue, vomiting, and headache

Fixed and dilated pupils, decorticate posturing, and cheynes-stokes respirations

Green, tarry stools (not harmful)

Allowing the infant to fall asleep with a pacifier

Bleeding noted on the dressing is an indication that the client is at greatest risk for hemorrhage

Alteration in nighttime bladder control

Short-term restraint used for treatment of a toddler that involves the head and the neck

Used to keep a toddler safe in a chair or in a horizontal position in a crib

Used to prevent a toddler from reaching for their face after a procedure

Used to prevent a toddler from pulling or touching invasive equipment

Recurrent respiratory infections, wheezing, coughing, tachypnea, tachycardia, inability to gain weight, loose fatty stool, and hyponatremia

-Newborn (birth to 4 weeks): 110-160/min
-Infant (1-12 months): 90 to 160/min
-Toddler (1-2 years): 80-140/min
-Preschooler (3-5 years): 70-120/min
-School-aged (6-12 years): 60-110/min
-Adolescent (13-18 years): 50-100/min

-Newborn (birth to 4 weeks): 30-60
-Infant (1-12 months): 25-60
-Toddler (1-2 years): 25-30
-Preschooler (3-5 years): 20-25
-School-aged (6-12 years): 20-25
-Adolescent (13-18 years): 16-20

Excited by stroking the outer edge of the sole of an infant's foot up toward the toes. The infant's toes fan upward and out. This is expected birth to 3-4 months.

1-2 months: Infant in prone position lifting head from mattress
3-4 months: Infant lying on back holding object with both hands
5-6 months: Infant rolling from front to back
7-8 months: Infant sitting up leaning forward onto both hands
9-10 months: Infant crawling on hands and knees and holding a rattle by the handle
11-12 months: Infant walking with hand being held and placing objects into a container

-Birth: Hep B
-2 months: DTaP, rotavirus vaccine (RV), polio (IPV), Hib, pneumococcal (PCV), and Hep B
-4 months: DTaP, RV, IPV, Hib, PCV
-6 months: DTaP, IPV, PCV, Hep B, RV, Hib, seasonal influenza

-Crying is the first form of verbal communication
-Crying decreases by 12 weeks of age