1code of Hammurabi, Sumerian law of Mesopotamia
earliest-known comprehensive statements of prohibited behavior currently known
2lex talionis
law of retaliation- the principle that punishment should correspond in degree and kind to the offense
3secular law
the law of the civil society as distinguished from church law
4wergild
"man money" or money paid to relatives of a murdered person or to the victim of a crime to compensate them and to prevent a blood feud
5benefit of clergy
the right to be tried in an ecclesiastical court, where punishments were less severe than those meted out by civil courts, given the religious focus of penance and salvation
6galley slavery
forced rowing of large ships or galleys; primarily a practice among the ancient greeks and romans; viewed by queen Elizabeth I as being more merciful than other civil punishments
7house of corrections
a detention facility that combined the major elements of a workhouse, poorhouse, and penal industry by both disciplining individuals who were housed in the facility and setting them to work
8bridewell palace; 1553
first house of correction- when
9transportation
the practice of transplanting individuals convicted of crimes from the community to another region or land, often a penal colony
10the new world
where did England send convicted individuals