1Semisolid preparations intended for external
applications to the skin or mucous membranes
• may be medicated or not
2easily washed off; used in bun
dressing, as lubricants and
vehicle that readily allow
passage of drugs into the skin
Water Soluble
Ointments
3made from emulsifying wax
and paraffin
Emulsifying Ointments
4
• Non-medicated used for the physical effects
they provide as:
protectant
o emollient
o lubricant
5do not
mix with water; adhere to
skin to prevent evaporation
and heat loss; used for
vehicles in chronic dry and
scaly conditions
Non
-Emulsifying
6what are Water Insoluble
Ointments
emulsifying ointment,Non
-Emulsifying
7Also termed: Hydrocarbon bases
On application to the skin
OLEAGINOUS BASE
8emollient effect
• protect against the escape of moisture
- only first
- only 2nd
- both correct
- both wrong
9may be
incorporated and with some difficulty
Water and aqueous preparations:
10 Liquid Petrolatum – levigating
agent
Powdered substance
11examples of powdered substance
petrolatum, white petrolatum, yellow
ointment, white ointmen
12principle benefits of eeagious base
maintains prolonged contact
with application site, Emollient
13use as emollients
absorption base
15They do provide the degree of occlusion
afforded by oleaginous bases.
• Useful pharmaceutical adjuncts to incorporate
small volumes of aqueous solutions into
hydrocarbons
- first only
- second only
- both correct
- both wrong
16two types of absorption base
A. Those that permit the incorporation of aqueous
solutions forming W / O emulsion
B. Those that are W / O emulsion that permits the
incorporation of additional quantities of
aqueous solutions
18Occlusiveness of absorption base
moderate high
19Occlusiveness of oleaginous base
high
20Principle Benefits of absorption base
allows incorporation of
aqueous solution, Emollient