1Which term refers to the semi-rigid part of the upper mantle that can flow slowly under pressure?
- Asthenosphere
- Continental crust
- Inner core
- Lithosphere
2Which type of rock is commonly associated with solidified magma and lava?
- Igneous rock
- Metamorphic rock
- Organic rock
- Sedimentary rock
3Which type of rock is characterized by layers of sedimentary materials and may contain fossils?
- Igneous rock
- Mafic rock
- Metamorphic rock
- Sedimentary rock
4Which term refers to rocks that have been altered by heat, pressure, or chemical changes?
- Clastic rocks
- Igneous rocks
- Metamorphic rocks
- Volcanic rocks
5Which term describes a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron?
- Foliation
- Lithification
- Mafic
- Recrystallization
6Which term refers to the layered arrangement of crystals commonly found in metamorphic rocks?
- Cementation
- Compaction
- Foliation
- Weathering
7Which term refers to the conversion of loose sediments into solid sedimentary rock?
- Erosion
- Foliation
- Lithification
- Recrystallization
8Which term refers to the mixture of mineral and organic materials that supports plant life?
- Humus
- Sediment
- Soil
- Parent material
9What is the technical term for the formation and development of soil?
- Lithification
- Pedogenesis
- Percolation
- Weathering
10Which term refers to the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces through physical, chemical, or biological agents?
- Compaction
- Erosion
- Infiltration
- Weathering
11What is a soil profile?
- The vertical section of soil showing distinct horizontal layers
- The relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay
- The amount of water retained by soil
- The arrangement of soil particles into aggregates
12Which standard system is used to determine soil color?
- Beaufort Scale
- Mohs Scale
- Munsell Color Chart
- Richter Scale
13Which term refers to nutrients that plants need in greater quantities for optimal growth?
- Macronutrients
- Micronutrients
- Minerals
- Organic matter
14Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient essential for plant growth?
- Nitrogen
- Phosphorus
- Potassium
- Zinc
15This term refers to the soil’s natural
ability to function
- Ability
- Inherent
- Niche
- Potential