1how can we descide what is 'normal' ?
what is 'normal' depends on the context
2how do different regions differ in normality ?
in more western countries is typical
not as normative in African countries
3what is the standrad amount of drinks for males below 65 ?
two drinks or 4 drinks in one sitting ( male below 65)
4hwat is the standrad amount od frinks for females and males above 65 ?
one drink / 3 drink sin one sitting ( women and men over 65)
5how can we name when a prson exceed standard limits ?
bindge drinking or heavy drinking
6when does bindge drinkin most common ?
bindge drinking is specifically a problems for young adults ( 16 to 24) males and females
7what percent of people have used marijuana ayt least one time ?
30 % of individuals say that they tried marijuana at least one
8what percentage of people have used heavy drugs ?
5% cocaine 4% MDM 3% amphetamines
9which drug has increased in popularity over the last years ?
marijauan has the highet increase in use over the last years
10what is substance use disorder ?
substance use disorder is cognitive , behavioural and physicological symptoms that indicate that an individual : continues to use a substance despite substance related problems
11what are the types of substance use disorders?
depressants
stimulants
hallucinogens
other
12what are the depressants substance disorders ?
1. Alcohol Use Disorder
2. Opioid Use Disorder
3. Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Use Disorder
13what are the stimulants substance disorders ?
1. Stimulant Use Disorder
2. Tobacco Use Disorder
14what are hallucinoges substance disorders ?
1. Cannabis Use Disorder
2. Phencyclidine (PCP) Use Disorder
3. Other Hallucinogen Use Disorder
15what are other substance use disorders ?
1. Inhalant Use Disorder
2. Other (or Unknown) Substance Use Disorder
16what use disorders are there ?
A. Gambling disorders
B. Substance Use Disorders
17what does substance intoxication mean ?
affects of the drugs when in your system
18what does sustance withdrawal ?
s the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in the intake of pharmaceutical or recreational drugs
19what are the main cathegoty sysmptoms ?
1. impaired control
2. social impairment
3. risky use
4. pharmacological
20what are the impaired control symptoms ?
1. using larger amounts or over a longer period of time than intended
2. persistent desire or unsuccesful efforts to cut off or control use
3. great deal of time spent in obtaining , using and or recovering form
4. craving or a strong desire or urge to use
21what are the social impaiment symptoms ?
1. recurrent use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations
2. continued use despite persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal porblems caused or exacerbated by use
3. important social , occupational or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of use
22what are the risky use symptoms ?
1. recurrent use in physically hazardeous situations
2. continued use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or physiological problems that is caused or exacerbated by use
23what are teh pharmacological symptoms ?
1. tolerance : defined by need of increased amounts to achieve desired effect
2. withdrawal : either with withdrawal symptoms or continued use to relive or avoid withdrawal
24how many symptoms do mild forms of SUD have ?
2 3 symptoms
25how many symptoms do moderate forms of SUD have ?
4 5 symptoms
26how many symptoms do sevre forms of SUD have ?
6+ symptoms
27what is the gateway hypothesis ?
using a soft drug opens the gate of use until harder drugs
pot opens the door to heroin
28what is the reprecursion of canabis use according to the gateway hypothesis ?
cannabis → cocaine → heroine
29what is the common liability to adiction model ?
genes + psychological traits + family use + peer use + sociocultural attitude + policies and legality
= predisposition to substance use
30how can we expalin the type of drugs used according to tthe common liability to adiction model ?
the type of drug is decide by what is available at the moment
31how does the development of the brain happen ?
strats in the back goes to front
32what are the main parts of the brain taking part ?
1. prefrontal cortex
2. amygdala
3. reward seeking region
33what is the role of prefrontal cortex ?
planning and cosequences , control impulses
34what is the role of amygdala ?
hightened emotions , aggresion , impulsions
35what is the role of the reward seel=king region ?
drives teenger rewarding or renforcing expirinces ( feel good )
drinking or stealing
36what are the general neural circuits
1. inhibitory control
2. motivation
3. reward/salience
4. memory or learning
37what neurotransmisstor is released wehn we see something we like ?
dopmaine is released
38where does doamine go after release ?
travels up to frontal cortex
dopamine reaches inhibition control
39when does the dopamine stop on its way ?
we stop when it gets to prefrontal cortex
40what are the dopamine levels for food ?
food : 150
41what are the dopamine levels for sex ?
sex : 200
42what are the dopamine levels for nicotine ?
nicotine : above 200
43what are the dopamine levels for other substances ?
ethanol : highest level above 200
morphone : 220
cocaine : 320
44what are the dopamine levels for ampetamine ?
amphetamine : 1000
45what does the brain do when dopamine levels are too high ?
brain adjusts , decreases topamine , decreases dopamine receptors
46what is one impediemnt of people who try to quit ?
incentive salince
47how do incentive salince reminders impact people who try to quit ?
trigger the craving of use
cigaret smoke , spoons (heroine), going in places where you used