1how can the personality structure be seen ?
simple vs circumplex
2what is a simple structure ?
items only load on 1 single factor
3what is a circumplex structure ?
items laoad on 2 or more factors
4how does the lexical assumption corelate with the circumplexs?
the idea that all important individual differences are encoded within the natural language
5what do words mean in lexucal hypothesis ?
trait terms specify different *kinds* of ways in which individuals differ
6what is the interpesonal trait ?
interactions among people involving exchanges
7how did Hofstee and De Raad conribute to the circumplexes theory ?
AB5C
8what is the AB5C?
abridged Big 5 Circumplaxes
9what does AB5C yell us ?
for every adjective find the two hiest facor loadings
based on each construct two circles ( circumplexes)
10how many circumaleces are in the HEXACO dimension ?
total 15 circumplexes
11what are the teo main dimensions of the interpesonal circumplex ?
control and affiliation
12what does control refer to ?
dominance vs submissive
13what does affiliation refer to ?
agrrebleness vs diasagreebleness
14which HEXACO personlity traits can we see in the interpesonal cirucmplex ?
combination of extraversion and agreebleness
15how is dominance explained by HEXACO ?
high extraversion and lower than averege agreebleness
16how can low honesty humility and emotionality be called ?
low : status oriented risk taking
high : risk averting , exploitation
17how can low honestyhumility and extravestion be called ?
hihgh : self serving charisma
low : arrogant or superior
18how can low honesty humility and agreebleness be called ?
high : sly charm
low: callous exploitation
19how can low honesty humility and conscienciousenss be called ?
high : calucllated egoism
low : impulsive immorality
20how can low honesty humility and openess to expirience be called ?
high : artistic and intelectual
low : 'if you are so smart, how come you make so little money ?
21what are possible response biases?
sloppiness ( infrequency scales )
faking ( fake good / fake bad )
response sets
22what are response sets ?
acquiescence
extreme answers
scoial desiarable
23what are social desirable answers ?
answering items in such way that the respondedts appear attractive
24whcih adjectives have been removed by lexical research ?
lexical research removed adjectives that were extremly positive ( excellent or good ) or negative ( abnormal or bd )
25what are chiasms ?
**an intersection or crossing of two tracts in the form of the letter X**
26how do we use chiasms in personality assesment ?
use words that mean desirable / undesirable and a little / lot forming a chiasm as they ar logical oppsites
27what is the first sociably desirable options ?
1. choosing adjectives that are neutral in terms of social desirability
28what is the second sociably desirable option ?
1. letting respondants choose between adjectives with similar social desirability
Cowardly 1 ... 2 ... 3 ... 4 ... 5 Reckless
Careful 1 ... 2 ... 3 ... 4 ... 5 Brave
29what is the third soicably desirable option ?
1. writing items (stataments) that are neutral with resoect to soical desirability
30hoe can behaviour be expressed im terms of perosnality ?
behaviour = a function of personality → B=f(P)
31how can behaviour be expressed in terms of situation ?
behvaiour = a function of sotuation → B= f(S)
32how can behaviour be expressed ?
behaviour = a fucntion of the interaction between personality and situation → B= f(PxS)
33what are the situationa influnces of personality?
intrapsichic environemnt → feelings , toughts , memories
physical environemnt → opportunities and threats
social environemnt → interpersonal relationships
34what is one important factor of our behaviour ?
our behaviour depends on weak vs strong situations
35how do we act in strong situations ?
in strong situation people start behaving the same way
36what are two experiments that show is that personality changes in differet situations and pressures ?
Asch and Milgram
37what are the gender differences in emotionality ?
almost 1SD woen more than man on averege emotionality
38what are the gender differences in honesty / humility ?
almost 0.5 SD women on hinesty humility
39what are the differences between italians and germans in HEXACO?
germas are sligtly more extroverted than italians
french and itlaians are more neurotic than germans
40what is a stereotying study ?
Correlation between aggregated self and observer ratings and national stereotypes in 49 countries is trivially small (r= .04)
41what are the stereotyping study results ?
national stereotypes are not adequate refection of true national difference in persoanlity
42what are the types of persoanlity changes ?
perosnality changes → senstaion seeking (peak in adolsecence)
group changes → women / men and senstion seeking (testosterone )
individual changes
43what is rank stability ?
can rank people aroud acoording conscienciouness
rank order → twenty years form now same order ?
44what is the mean stability of peronality ?
stability of personlity r=0.64
45what is the stability path of honesty humility ?
lowest around 19
highest around 70
46what is the stability path of emotionality ?
decreases over lifetime
anxiety decreases as well
sentimantlity increases
47what is the stability path of extraversion ?
extraversion increases
48what is the stability path of agreebeleness ?
lowest level 40 ( children )
49what is the stability path of conscienciousness ?
lowest at birth
increases over time (18 to 28 )
50what is the stability path of openess to expirince ?
high lowering at 16 than reises angain
51what are the main student changes in perosnality(rise) ?
1. conscinciouness
2. hinest humility
3. opensess to expirince