1Disease classification?
Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)
2Causative organism?
Mycobacterium leprae
3Classification of Mycobacterium leprae?
*GPR (gram positive rod)
*acid-fast
*aerboic
*11-13 day doubling time
*can't be easily cultured
*obligate intracelluar parasite
*invades schwann cells (peripheral neurons)
4Resevoir?
*armadillos and humans
5POT?
Skin, mucosa, upper respiratory tract
6MOT:
respiratory droplets, direct skin contact, zoonotic
7Incubation period?
3 months-20 yrs
8Pathogenesis?
*bacteria infects skin cells macrophages and peripheral nerves of extermities
*immune response causes tubercle formation and/or tissue damage or loss
9What type of tissue damage does it cause?
*nerve damage
*loss of sensory perception
10Tissue damage results from what?
non-inflammatory cell death
11Symptoms of Leprosy?
*skin lesions (hypopigmented, raised flat red patches, dry and scaly, or plaques with red border
*numbness
*painless ulcers
12Average incubation period?
5 yrs
13Can symptoms be asymtomatic? during what phase
Yes, during incubation period (lasts months to yrs)
14Complications from leprosy?
*nerve damage
*paralysis
*deformations (clawed hand)
*tissue necrosis
*corneal ulcers
*bone loss (digit resorption)
*infertility
15Prevention for Leprosy?
*avoid contacting infected animals
*tuberculosis (BCG) vaccine
16Effectiveness of BCG (tuberculosis) vaccine?
*32-86% effective
17Treatment for Leprosy?
*multiple antibiotic therapy (6-12 months)
18What antibiotics used?
*rifamppin
*dapsone
*clofazimine