Social area

The physiological action that links individual action to purpose. political

-our behaviour is influenced by our other people in our surrounding environment
- our behaviour us influenced by our social situation rather than our indiviyal characteristics
- our environment can change kur behaviour and we have little freewill to change it

To investigate levels of obedience infront of an authority fiquire wheb moral consuct has been breached.

controlled observation ( iv was not manipulated).
data was gathered via observation via researcher and one way mirror

responses to people in authority

the holocaust and if Germans were different becUse of why they did what they did

Abu Gharaib Abuse

during the Iraq qar, Abu Gharaib was detained and had to undergo physical and sexual abuse, torture, rape , sodomy and abuse.

65% shocked all the way
100% shocked until 300 volts ( which is a killable amount)

extreme stress e.g sweating, stuttering, trembling

3 had full blown seizures

level of obedience was unexpected, only expected 3% to survive

immoral behavior can be carried out by anyone in the prescence of an authority figuire even when moral conduct had been breached

by ibserving whether participants administred electric shocks to a learner from 15 volts all the way to 450v in 15v increments

occured in a lab at yale university where comditions were artificial and controlled .

this is a weakness because participants can change their behaviour due to the controlled environment

p’s had to administer shocks infront of an authority figuire

strength becauee it is a warning to society about potential evil and prevent similar atrocities like the holocaust

iforming authorities about unethical practice, in particular unproffessional practice

to investigate how many people will comply with an unethical request

3.6% believed they would lie
64.5% believed they would whistkeblow
31.9% believed they would disobey

76.5% obeyed
9.4% whistleblowed
14.1% disobeyed

stronger the faith, the more likely to whistleblow

people are very obedient and whistleblowing is uncommon

undergrads from amsterdam from VU university

sample is ethnocentric and cannot be generalised to different age groupa sp it lacks population validity

they were paid to take part

increasing obligation

to ensure rge procedure was credible as a study ob sebsory deprivation

to ensure the cover story was credible on sebsory deprivation given was morally acceptable

both studies are within the social psychology area and focus’ on obedience

controlled observation - no iv

overt study with a cover study

milgram- orders were directly to inflict pain
bocchiaro- simoly write a message

•the murder of kitty genovese
• she was stabbed several times whilst 38 people watched
•the man came back and killed her off

in a group , the responsibility is shared
each bystander feels less responsible
so nobody helps

to investigate bystander behaviour whit 4 different variables
4 variables:
•race
•size
•effect of modelling
• victims condition - ill or drunk

45% of black
55% of white

field experiment
carried out on on a new york subway
p’s were either ill or drunk

ill =. helped 95% of time
drunk= 50% helped

• Help directly.
• leave to find help
•leave the area
•dismiss the victim of unworthy

participants werent allowed to leave- it was a continual 7.5 min journey from 59th to 125th street

when escape cannot occur , bystanders are face to face w victim
cost/help benefit us low because there were others helping

takes place on a new york sub with 4550 p’s
all from there
ethnocentric and are only generalisable to population of new york

benefits- praise , feeling cood
limitations- harm, embarrasment, effort

by 1 of the 2 female observers
they recorded comments made by passengers
e.g “im not strong enough”
“its for men to help”

selfless concern for wellbeing of others

economic prosperity - taken from ppp
pace of life - time to walk 60 m
population aize- un demographic yrbook
cultural values -simpatia ir not on a scale

1198 p’s from 23 different countries
picked by the second one to cross a line

cross cultural carried out in field
quasi

dropped pen
dropped magazines w broken leg
blind person crossing road

rio de janeiro- brazil = 93%
kuala lumpur-malaysia 40%

helping behaviour

both investigate bystander behaviour whether people will intervene or not
p’s unaware of research
familiar natural environmebts
large sample

iv studied
fiekd or quasi
target population

real life applications
good range of methods

ethical issues
social determinism