3Locke's 1st publication of Essay
1689
4Descartes' Life
1596-1650
5Descartes' Publication of Meditations
1641
6Publication of Principles of Philosophy
1644
7What is a substance according to Descartes?
A thing that does not depend on anything else for its existence
8What are Descartes' two kinds of finite substances?
Thinking substances (mind) and extended substances (body)
9What is a real distinction according to Descartes?
If I clearly and distinctly percieve that it is possible x exists apart from y, then x cannot equal y (x and y are substances)
10What is the nature of mind and body according to Descartes?
Nature of mind is thinking and the nature of body is existing in three spatial dimensions
112 examples of mode of a mind
particular ideas and volitions
122 examples of mode of a body
particular size/shape and motionest
13According to Descartes, what is it for something to be an atom?
an atom is extended and indivisible
14Why does Descartes think atoms are impossible?
Atoms are impossible because they have an extension and therefore have to be divisible. By definition, atoms are indivisible, leading to a contradiction. God woul have to be able to divide an indivisible thing.
15Why does Descartes think a void/empty space is impossible?
An empty space is an extension in three dimensions, therefore it would have to have a substance and could not be empty
16What does Descartes think would happen if God removed all substances from the inside of a vessel?
the sides of the vessel would come into contact with one another
17In "Epistle to the Reader", Locke describes himself as ___ to the sciences
under-laborer
18According to Locke, what characterizes primary qualities?
Qualities that are utterly inseperable from bodies
193 examples of primary qualities (locke)
solidity, extensions, number
20According to Locke, secondary qualities are merely ___ in bodies to cause perceptions in us
powers
21What is Locke's example of fire and ideas of warmth & pain supposed to show?
Naive representationalism must be false because the idea of pain and warmth is not intrinsic and could be argued not to exist if no one is around to experience the fire
221st advantage of the mechanical hypothesis
the clearness of mechanical principles and explications
232nd advantage of the mechanical hypothesus
its principles are fundamental; chronologically and conceptually
243rd advantage of the mechanical hypothesis
its principles are comprehensive and universal
25What is Boyle trying to show about qualities with the example of the lock and key in 'on orgins of forms and qualities'
the power of a key to open a lock is an emergent power; ultimatley reducible to the size, shape, and motion of the key and lock, which Boyle calls their mechanical affections
261st thesis of mechanical philosophy
bodies are composed of tiny bodies called corpuscles
272nd thesis of mechanical philosophy
the only intrinsic features that all bodies have are the 'mechanical affections': size, shape, motion, rest or texture
283rd thesis of mechanical philosophy
causation is through impact
294th thesis of mechanical philosophy
By the mechanical affections of the small and insensible corpuscles, all the phenomena of anture may be explained